Week 7: Respiration:Definition and respiratory substrates. Mechanism of Glycolysis,Krebscycle.
Respiration is an oxidative process by which degradation of the organic compounds occur and energy is liberated used to synthesize the chemical energy ATP on which the plant and animal cell relay for its vital activities.
Respiratory substrate:
Respiratory substrate are organic nutrients like carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Mecahanism:
Mechanisms of anaerobic respiration is complited by mean of glycolysis in the absence of oxygen and the end product of anaerobic respiration may be ethyal alcohol, lactic acid as the case may be. In anaerobic respiration there is no complete degradation of the organic molecules and small amount of energy is released.
During aerobic respiration the complete degradation of organic molecule result into the production of carbon dioxide and water and abundent amount of energy released to synthesize the ATP. It is completed by glycolysis, pyruvic acid metabolism tricarboxylic acid cycle and ultimately the hydrogen (protons or electron) provide to ETC to synthesize the ATP by mean of chemiosmosis.
- Week 1: Water relations to plants (water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, matric potential).
- Week 2: Absorption and translocation of water. Stomata regulation.
- Week 3: Mineral nutrition: Soil as a source of minerals. Passive and active transport of nutrients.
- Week 4: Essential mineral elements, role and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients.
- Week 5: Photosynthesis: Introduction, Oxygenic and non-oxygenic photosynthesis Mechanism: light reactions (electron transport and photophosphorylation) and dark reactions (Calvin cycle).
- Week 6: Differences between C3 and C4plants.Factors affecting this process, Products of photosynthesis.
- Week 7: Respiration:Definition and respiratory substrates. Mechanism of Glycolysis,Krebscycle.
- Week 8: Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, Anaerobicrespiration
- Week 9: Mid term examination
- Week 10: Energy balance in aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Respiratory quotients
- Week 11: Introduction, aims and applications of ecology
- Week 12: Physical and Chemical properties of soil (soil formation, texture. pH, EC, organism and organic matter etc.) and their relationships to plants
- Week 13: Light and Temperature. Quality of light, diurnal and seasonal variations. Ecophysiological responses.
- Week 14: Field capacity and soil water holding capacity. Characteristics of xerophytes and hydrophytes. Effect of precipitation on distribution of plants
- Week 16: Community Ecology, Ecological characteristics of plant community, Methods of sampling vegetation (Quadrate and line intercept), Major vegetation types of the local area.
- Week 18: Final Term Examination
- Week 15: Wind as an ecological factor and its importance. Population ecology: introduction, a brief discription of seed dispersal and seed bank
- Chapters 17
- Department Chemistry
- Teacher
Mr. Asghar Ali Ansari
