Organic Chemistry (CHEM -271)

Introduction to course

• Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
• Saturated, Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Stereoisomerism, Optical and Geometrical Isomerism
• Alkyl Halides and Reaction Mechanisms
• The Hydroxyl Group and Ethers
• The Carbonyl Group, Carboxylic Acid and their Derivatives
• Nitrogen Compounds and Amines.

Course pre-requisites (if any)

• The prerequisites is the Physical Chemistry (CHEM 181), Inorganic Chemistry (CHEM 161) in minimum grade “C” or better.

Learning outcomes

• The course will acquire knowledge about basic concepts of organic chemistry, chemistry of hydrocarbons and functional groups and the mechanism of organic reactions. Such information will be useful for qualitative analysis and synthesis of organic compounds.

Textbooks to be used for the course

• Younas, M., Text Book of Organic Chemistry, IlmiKutabKhana, Lahore. (2006)
• Rehman, A., Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Caravan Book House, Lahore. (2006).
• March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, 8th edition Wiley, New York. (2019).
• Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy, A. H. Publisher, Lahore. (2006).
• Solomons, T. W. G., Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 12th edition Wiley, New York. (2016)
• Rehman, A., Experimental Organic Chemistry, The Caravan Book House, Lahore. (2006).

Description of system of Evaluation (Exam, assignments etc)

• Attendance                         5 (Minimum attendance 80% is necessary to appear in exam)
• Behaviour                            5
• Assignment & presentation   5
• Mid Term Exam                   15%
• Project/Practical work:         25%
• Final exam:                         45%

Detailed lesson plans for each lecture (Weekly/Week wise)

Week 1

Atomic, molecular and hybrid orbitals, multiple localized and delocalized bonds, properties of bonds, inductive effect, dipole moment. The concept of resonance, rules for resonance; resonance energy, steric inhibition of resonance

Week 2

Hyperconjugation, Resonance effect, hydrogen bonding, Tautomerism; Introduction to resonance, rules for resonance, resonance energy, steric inhibition of resonance

Week 3

Introduction to spectroscopy with special reference to ultraviolet / visible and infrared spectroscopy.

Week 4

Classification of hydrocarbons. Nomenclature, methods of preparations, physical characteristics and chemical reactions of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes

Week 5

Source of aromatic hydrocarbons. Structure of benzene and the concept of aromaticity, Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions.

Week 6

Conformational Analysis of ethane and butane.Optical Isomerism. Optical activity, chiral carbon atom and optical isomerism, relative and absoluteconfiguration, creation of chiral carbon and racemization

Week 7

Elements of symmetry, resolution of racemic mixture. Geometrical Isomerism, cis/trans isomerism, designation of configuration. Determination of configuration

Week 8

Nomenclature, methods of preparation and chemical reactions with special reference to nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides.

Week 9

Mid – Term Examination

Week 10

Elimination reaction of alkyl halides. Preparations, structure and synthetic applications of Grignard’s reagents

Week 11

Nature of hydroxyl group in alcohols and phenols.Classification and nomenclature of alcohols, methods of preparation and chemical reactions of alcohols, distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Polyhydric alcohols

Week 12

Phenols: Methods of preparation of phenols, acidity of phenols; chemical reactions of phenols

Week 13

Ethers, methods of preparation and reactions of ethers. .Nature of carbonyl group and its reactivity, nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones

Week 14

Nature of carbonyl group and its reactivity,  Methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones, Chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones

Week 15

Distinction between aldehydes and ketones. Nomenclature of carboxylic acids. Methods of preparation and chemical reactions of carboxylic acids, strength of carboxylic acids and the factors affecting it

Week 16

Methods of preparation and chemical reactions of amines. Distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines

Week 17

Basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines and factors affecting it. Preparation and reactions of aniline. Diazzonium Salts and their synthetic applications

Week 18

Final Term Examination

Organic Chemistry Lab. – I (Cr.01)
1. Qualitative Organic Analysis: Systematic identification of organic compounds containing groups containing groups like COOH, OH, NH2 and C=O.
2. Purification techniques viz solvent extraction distillation and Recrystallization, etc.
3. Preparation of simple organic compounds viz, Ethyl benzoate, benzoic acid, tribromophenol, aspirin and nitrobenzene.

 

Key dates and time of class meetings

• Semester Start : 27th January 2020
  • BS Biotechnology 4th SS
• Monday          1.00-2.00pm
• Tuesday         1.00-2.00pm
• Wednesday    1.00-2.00pm
• Thursday (P)  12.00-2.00pm