Isomerism I

Isomerism

Isomers; Compounds with the same molecular formula but structures.

Constitutional isomers 

Those compounds which have same molecular formula but differ in the way their atoms are connected.

• Chain Isomerism
• Position Isomerism
• Functional group Isomerism
• Metamerism
• Tautomerism

Stereo Isomers;

The isomers that have the same molecular formula and have the same connectivity, but differ in the way their atoms are arranged in space. Stereo-isomers are compounds with different properties (separatable) but do not readily interconvert (require breaking of a bond).

Enantiomers;

Enantiomers are non super imposable mirror images of a compound that differ in the direction in which they rotate plane polarized light. Their physical properties are the same

Diastereomers;

(all other stereo-isomers Includes cis, trans and configurational) have a complete set of different common physical properties.

Geometric isomers;

Those isomers which have same molecular formula, same functional group but these isomers result from restriction of rotation along double bonds. Also known as Cis-Trans isomers.

Cis isomer; Isomers in which hydrogens or alkyl groups are on the same side of the double bond or ring.

Trans isomer; Hydrogens or alkyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond or ring.