CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

What is congenital heart defect?

A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart. It is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. The defects can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the arteries and veins near the heart. They can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart. The blood flow can slow down, go in the wrong direction or to the wrong place, or be blocked completely.

 Atrial septal defect(ASD)

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital). Small defects might be found by chance and never cause a problem. Some small atrial septal defects close during infancy or early childhood.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A ventricular septal defect (VSD), a hole in the heart, is a common heart defect that's present at birth (congenital). The hole (defect) occurs in the wall (septum) that separates the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) and allows blood to pass from the left to the right side of the heart.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta, which has a higher pressure, to the pulmonary artery.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect with four components: 1) large ventricular septal defect (VSD) , which is a hole between the two ventricles or pumping chambers in the heart; 2) Pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing beneath or in the blood vessel leading to the lungs; 3) overriding of the aorta, in which the aorta lies directly above the ventricular septal defect; and 4) as a result of these events, the right ventricle becomes thickened or hypertrophied.

The students shoulb be able to learn about:

  • The name of the congenital heart defects.
  • Abnormal circulatory dynamics associated with congenital heart disease.

 

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