Major Themes in Speculative Philosophy of History
Philosophy of History, which is also called Macro or Meta-history, is a distinct and an important branch of the discipline of history, which attempts at philosophizing the human past in its entirety. It involves a philosophical reflection on the whole human past and sometimes future, and tries to give a philosophical explanation and interpretation of the past. Philosophy of history has two branches: (i) Speculative philosophy of history, which attempts at philosophizing the human past (ii) Critical or analytical philosophy of history, which explores the specific nature of historical knowledge, and critically examines the methods of historians and their writings. The course is intended to apprise the learners of the regularities, continuities, or regular and recurrent patterns in history, which could help them search for some principles, which could explain all human history. Unlike most of the other courses in the discipline of history, the primary focus of this course is ideas, and not events.
- Major Themes in Speculative Philosophy of History
- b) Time and its Movement: Linear, uni-linear and Multi-linear; Cyclical and Spiral Movement of Time
- St. Augustine: Christian Philosophy of History
- Ibn Khaldun: The Founder of Sociology and Geographical Interpretation of History
- Rene Descartes
- Giambattista Vico
- Montesquieu
- Voltaire
- Hegel
- Auguste Comte
- Karl Marx
- Weber and Spengler
- Arnold J. Toynbee
- Edward Said
- Francis Fukuyama
- Samuel P. Huntington
- Nationalist Approach
- Marxist Approach
- Modernist Approach
- Post-modernist Approach
- Post-Colonial Approach
- Elite Approach
- Subaltern/popular Approach
- Feminist Approach
- Holistic Approach
- Structuralist Approach
- Chapters 26
- Department History & Pakistan Studies
- Teacher
Mr. Muhammad Abrar Zahoor