Job

A job may be defined as a “collection or aggregation of tasks, duties, and responsibilities which as a whole, are regarded as a regular assignment to individual employees”.

In other words, when the total work to be done is divided and grouped into packages, we call it a “Job”.

Job Analysis

t is a systematic analysis of each job for the purpose of collecting information as to what the job holder does, under what circumstances it is performed and what qualifications are required for doing the job.

}Edwin Flippo: “Job analysis is the process of studying and collecting information relating to the operations and responsibility of a specific job”.

Uses of Job Analysis

1.Human resource planning

2.Recruitment

3.Selection of personnel

4.Training and development

5.Organization audit

6.Job evaluation

7.Job design

8.Performance appraisal

9.Career planning

10.Safety and health

Steps/stages/process/procedure in Job Analysis

1.Collection of background information

2.Selection of representative job to be analyzed

3.Collection of job analysis data

4.Job Description

5.Developing job specification

Techniques of Job Analysis Data

1.Personal observation

2.Sending out questionnaires

3.Maintenance of log records

4.Conducting personal interviews

Job Description

The preparation of job description is necessary before a vacancy is advertised. It tells in brief the nature of a job. In other words, it emphasizes the job requirements.

Edwin Flippo: “Job Description is an organized factual statement of the duties and responsibilities of a specific job. It should tell what is to be done, how it is done and why.”

The details given in Job Description

Job title

Organizational location of the job

Supervision given and received

Materials, tools, machinery and equipment worked with

Designation of the immediate superiors and subordinates

Salary levels: Pay, DA, other allowances, bonus, incentive wage, method of payment, hours of work, shift, break etc.

Complete list of duties to be performed separated according to daily, weekly, monthly and casual, estimated time to be spent on each duty

Definition of unusual terms

Conditions of work: Location, time, speed of work, accuracy, health hazards, accident hazards

Training and development facilities

Promotional chances and channels

Job Specification 

Job specification is based on job description. It is a written statement of qualifications, traits, physical and mental characteristics that an individual must possess to perform the job duties and discharge responsibilities effectively.

Edwin Flippo: “Job Specification is a statement of minimum acceptable human qualities necessary to perform a job properly”.

Job Specification covers:

Educational and professional qualifications

Skills

Practical experience

Physical fitness

Special qualities required for performing the job

Intelligence, judgement and initiative required for performing the job