Inequality, gender mainstreaming in agricultural and child raising for rural women 
 Agriculture has been the largest employment sector for 60% of women in word. Despite that is women’s activities in agriculture are being characterized by a global gender gap in vulnerabilities, access to resources, and productivity. As a result of these differences, women and men farmers in developing countries have been different abilities to adapt to climate change. But addressing gender inequalities in agriculture to address climate change have been involves more than erasing inequities in access to resources. The question of whether women have been control of these resources; whether they have been participate in use of and decisions around the accrued benefits of increased production and income, and whether resources meet their requirements and priorities, will all determine whether the gender gap in agriculture have been closed. It also involves ensuring that women’s needs and priorities are met, in terms of how priorities are set, modes of support and resources. Technologies to support resilience and adaptation to climate change by smallholder farmers can has been promote women’s empowerment and the transformation of gender relations in addition to sustainably increasing agricultural production. But this will only happen if they are being implemented in a framework of mutually reinforcing resources, women’s.

Gender has been the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. Depending on the context, these characteristics may be include biological sex (i.e., the state of being male, female, or an intersex variation), sex-based social structure (i.e., gender role), or gender identity. Most cultures has been use a gender binary, having two genders (boy/men and girl /women); those who exist outside these groups fall under the umbrella term non binary. Some societies have been specific genders besides "man" and "woman", such has been the hijras of south Asia; these are often referred to as third gender (and fourth genders, etc.).
Sexologist john money has been introduced the terminological distinction between biological sex in 1955.  
Gender mainstreaming has been the public policy concept of assessing the different implications for people of different genders of any has been planned policy action, including legislation and programmer, in all areas and levels. Mainstreaming essentially offers a pluralistic approach that values the diversity among people of different genders.
The concept of gender mainstreaming was been first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women anaerobe, Kenya 
The gender inequilty in agriculture:- Gender inequalities in agriculture persist in the 21st century, and tend to has been exacerbated by trade and foreign investment. Two broad agendas have been emerged in response to global calls for more sustainable trade and more responsible investment in agriculture. The first, largely targeted at the private sector, are represented by the array of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS), such as that fair trade labels. The second, largely targeted at the governments, are has been the multitude of guidelines on responsible investment in agriculture, such as the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGTs).

In this policy brief, we has been explore how global standards and guidelines contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment, and whether more can be done through these instruments to improve the situation of women in agriculture.
If we have been going to end hunger in our lifetimes, we have been needed to empower women. Across developing countries, they have been makes up 43 percent of the agricultural labor force.
Many of them are has been smallholder farmers, and from paid employment to trade and marketing, women participate in all aspects of rural life. They have raise crops and animals, collect water and wood for fuel, and care for family members. And women are has been more likely to reinvest their income back into their families to improve education, nutrition and health.
Yet, women farmers are has been not as productive as men due to less access to land, markets, farming technologies, fertilizer, credit and training. That’s a lot of untapped potential. We know that if women had been equal access to opportunities and resources, they could increase their yields and feed more hungry people in the world. In fact, if women had been the same access to productive resources as men, they could increase their farm yields by 20-30 percent, feeding an additional 150 million people.
The WEAI has been  provides a direct build the evidence base around what works for empowering women in agriculture -- and to measure of women’s empowerment and inclusion in the agriculture sector by tracking data on women’s decision-making, access to and control over resources, leadership opportunities and time use, particularly relative to men in their households. The WEAI team has since conducted a baseline survey in 13 countries and is collecting another round of data to track changes in women’s empowerment where feed the Future works as we continue to refine and adapt this innovative tool. With data from the WEAI, we are has been adjusting our programs to better promote women’s empowerment in agriculture and are designing new programs that address the greatest constraints to empowerment in agriculture that women in developing countries face. USAID, primarily has been through its leadership of the U.S. Government’s Feed the Future initiative, supports programs to improve women’s empowerment in agriculture:

Even though the need to minimize adverse social and environmental effects from supply chain activities is globally recognized, gender equality has been still inconsistently prioritized, gender compliance challenging and consensus on its meaning, still elusive. But women play an important and valuable, though often invisible, role in agriculture. A reality that is not only unjust -women’s input and contribution to agriculture as well as the burdens they bear are not matched by an equal share of resources or influence in the sector-, but also costs individuals, households, and commodity supply chains.
As part of the Good Growth Partnership’s mission to place sustainability at the heart of commodity supply chains, we are has been committed to long-term knowledge sharing, including the development of several Knowledge Products intended to enable exchange and lessons learned from the ground up.
This Knowledge Product, developed under the UN good growth partnership’s Adaptive Management & Learning project, seeks to underline and stress the added value of using a gender lens in the design and implementation of activities in agricultural supply chains, and reflects on current trends in gender mainstreaming, opportunities to accelerate action, and critical lessons-learned from initiatives that have been already been implemented.
Presenting a clear business case for gender equality and women’s empowerment in agricultural supply chains, it will prove a useful guidance on gender mainstreaming to stakeholders involved in commodity-related projects.
Climate variability and weather-related shocks affect women’s and men’s assets in different ways (Jost et al., 2015; Kristjanson et al., 2014). Women and men are has been changing their cropping practices in response to climate variability, with different impacts on access to and control of the income from crops, as well as their respective workloads (Jost et al., 2015; Nelson & Stathers, 2009). In Guyana, droughts and floods caused both women and men to spend more time planting and diversifying their crops, but women’s workload increased further as they also had to find food for the household (Bynoe, 2009; Goh, 2012). Cultural norms can has been affect control and ownership of assets during drought; in one case, women gained increased control of livestock because men were responsible for household food security and sold their livestock first(Kristjanson et al., 2014). In general, poor farmers are has been often forced to sell assets to make ends meet in times of resource stress (Meinzen-Dick et al., 2014). Women are also important agents of innovation in response to climateinduced change (Denton, 2002). Their resilience strategies and local environmental knowledge are valuable resources for recovery and adaptation. For example, in mapping exercises of changes in Fiji’s coral reef, women identified changes such as coral bleaching, the spawning period of certain fish species, algal blooms, and the extent of the dry and rainy periods. They also were able to identify locations for new well drilling in Micronesia based on their knowledge of local water tables (Lane & McNaught 2009
Emerging has been research indicates that a mix of factors will address gender inequalities in different situations. In many cases, access by women farmers to information on the impacts of climate change, weather, and alternate agricultural production practices is an important factor in influencing climate change adaptation and mitigation, and also contributes to a range of gender equality results. Women farmers in Vietnam who has been received information on crop production and management, improved rice technologies and practices, and pest and disease management not only increased their agricultural production but also diversified products and increased incomes. As a result, they began to participate in household (HH) decision-making on selection, management, and processing of crops. Seventy-five percent of participating women farmers has been  felt that their social position in the household and community improved and 84 percent felt that they were more highly respected by their husbands, children, and other family members because they has been contributed to higher rice yields and higher incomes (Chi, Paris, Anh, Duy, & Loan, 2015). As I have been discussed elsewhere, access to information and knowledge can has been lead to gender equality when women are able to use it to control assets and resources, make decisions to affect outcomes in their life, and experience increased confidence or status at a personal level (Huyer, 2006). When crucial elements to achieve these goals are missing, then information and knowledge are has been insufficient. For example, in this issue, Murray et al., observe that women smallholder farmers will has been be unable to implement and benefit from climate-smart agricultural practices if they have been do not have the appropriate technologies, tools, or resources. Reliance on 110 Gender, Technology and Development 20(2) human power over technology for a large range of farming activities continues to be a fact of life for women in many rural areas. Shortages of cash to hire labor, to sponsor communal labor parties, or to purchase inputs are reducing the ability of female-headed households to intensify production, gain access to labor-saving technology such as oxen, or access capital to repay the credit (Perez et al, 2015). There continues has been  to be a lack of knowledge of how social and gender disparities affect the ways in which poor men and women respond to climate-change impacts on agriculture, and the support women farmers need to adapt to climate change. But research has been starting to fill this gap. The CGIAR Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Program (CCAFS), promotes gender equality in climate-smart agriculture (CSA), food systems, and landscapes. It focuses on research to inform, catalyze, and target CSA solutions to women and vulnerable groups, increase their control over productive assets and resources, and increase participation in decision-making at local and national levels. In March 2015, CCAFS co-organized a seminar on “Closing the gender gap in farming under climate change”1 in Paris, with the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and Future Earth. Five articles presented at the seminar are has been included in this issue from research led by CCAFS, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the University of Copenhagen, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 3D4AgDev with National University of Ireland Galway, and the Central European University.