Gender discrimination and gender division of labor in agriculture

On family farms, labor division has broadly been common on completing between persons of different gender and generations, resulting in a different male and female sphere and task. In traditional labor division, gender bias is inherent as women are donated & invisible labor force. She does more effort than men. She does all the actions of the home and also effort in field with her husband. In the factories the part of the money which comes in their hands is less than the men.

Women are alert of discrimination of societal and house hold levels. Married women discover more mobility, property, education and occupation. Similarly unmarried discrimination in mobility, occupation women perceive moor, property and education.

Context:

·         Sex and gender

·         Gender definition

·         Gender equality and empowerment  

·         Gender discrimination in education and economic

·         Gender inequality

·         Gender division of labor in agriculture

Gender role

The meaning of the discrimination is an adverse treatment to anyone effective on sex, caste and so on. It is examine as a barrier for attainment of the objective of the balance, advancement and peace. Discrimination is noticed as a form of bias and issues from women around the world. It disturbed the power of women to engage freely and fully in society and in turn brings psychology adverse consequences. Gender discrimination can be seen in opposed countries on the bases of communities, religious etc. the situation of the gender discrimination has been worsened with the development of science and technology as it is predict the sex of a fetus before it turns to a baby. Discrimination has been an ability acceptable that is accepted by women and applied by men social value.

Background discrimination among men and women is also seen in Pakistan. Adult literacy & common schooling years of women in Pakistan is very low in comparing to men. People also think that there is no commitment of education. Discrimination is agreement making for family, property lawful in form of less bulk in education, health and food care for girls and child than boys in aged practice in rural field of Pakistan.

Women are discriminated to make agreement making continuous of the community due to the absence of awareness and education.

Dividing of labor dividing an activity in countless specialized with single worker or a less labor assigned to each part. Division of worker is important to mass extension.

Gender definition:

The world health organization defines gender as gender designate to the socially assembled model of women and men like as norms roles and relationships of and among groups of women and men. It different from society to society and can be change.

Sex and gender:

Sex is biological categorization based basically on reproductive inert, whereas gender is the social addition of biological sex. Not decidedly social values for heterosexual joining and care of any resulting children are nearly are intertwined with gender. But it is deep the full story.

Gender frames on biological sex, but it boost biological change & it brings biological change into domain that is completely irrelevant. There is no biological issue.

For example why women should mince and men should swagger.

But acute discrimination aborts because there is no individual objective biological criterion male or female sex. Sex is principled in the combination of carnal, endocrinal and chromosomal features, and selection between the criteria for sex commission is based very much on ability, beliefs, about what actually makes someone male or female. Thus the very definition of the biological different male and females and people generous of themselves and other male and female, is ultimately social.

Gender equality and empowerment all women and girls:

Gender equality is not only an integral human right, but a basic foundation for a calm, prosperous and sustainable world. And girls among the ages 15-49 have reported action physical or sexual abandon by a closely partner within a 12 month period and 49 countries currently have no law as a shield women from home violence.

Giving women & girls with equal connection to education health care, decent work and representation in political and economic agreement making continuous will fuel allowable economics and benefits societies and humanity at large.

 Women’s human rights:

Women’s rights are the basal human rights condign that were dedicate by the united nation for individually human being on the planet. These lawful include: Live freely from violence slavery, and discrimination to be educated; to own property; to vote and to earn a fair and equal wage.

As the now-famous saying goes’ women’s rights are the human rights. That is say women are entitled to all of these rights.

Gender discrimination at work:

Some example that could be gender discrimination includes:

·         Not being hired or being given a lower-paying level because of your sex. For example when a worker refuses to delegate women or only hire women for calm activity.

·         Being delegate to change or higher accepted, or being evaluated more hardly, because you don’t do or present yourself in a way that conforms to traditional acceptable ideas of femininity or masculinity.

·         For example if a labor who identifies as a women receives an absent performance evaluation that citizen her for being too disturbing while the men who show the attitude same way or praised for showing leadership.

·         Being paid less than a person of a different sex who is similarly or less able than you, or who has similar activity duties than you.

·         If you think that you are less than someone of the different sex to do some activity or similar work check out equal pay know your equitable guide.

·         Being denied a promotion pay accession or disciplined for something that other workers of a different sex do all the time but never get abuse for.

·         Being insulted called critical names because of your sex, or hearing hostile remarks about people of a certain sex gender, or gender identity.

Gender role:

  Gender roles are the social definition of men and women they among differences society, culture, class, age group and during difference period of history.

Gender specific role and responsibilities are often condition by the farming.

·         House hold structure

·         Access to resources

·         Specific impact of the global economic

·         Locally relevant factor such as ecological condition

Gender relation:

Gender relation are ways in which a culture so define responsibilities identities men and women in relation one another.

Gender division of labor in agriculture:

Division of labor is generally to be found in big factories, where commodities are being produce on a large scale. Only then will it be possible to split up the job in to different process to a different set of workers.

Division of labor is a situation where a worker or group of worker on different aspect of activity.

Agriculture industry is the production of the food and cash crops, the meat and fish we eat and the wood we use for the furniture in our home so that there is very necessary for the division of labor in agriculture.

Lead to division of labor in agriculture: The agriculture revolution was the development that allowed the division of labor to truly become an essential part of society. By the transitioning from a nomadic to a settled agriculture life style, farmers were able to produce more food per person than the group needed to survive.

Types of division of labor in agriculture:

·         Occupational or simple division of labor

·         Division of labor in to complete process or complex division of labor

·         Division of labor in to sub processes or incomplete processes. ADVRTISIMENT

·         Territorial or geographical division of labor

At the same time higher agriculture labor productivity release agriculture labor from food production to production of other goods and services

Advantage division of labor in agriculture:

·         Right person in the right job: Every worker is assigned the task for which he is best suited

·         Greater efficiency

·         Better quality of work

·         Saving of time

·         Economies large scale of production

·         Less learning period

·         Invention and innovation

·         Less strain 

Effective division of labor in agriculture:

The division of labor is the outcomes of man’s conscious reaction to multiplicity of natural conditions. On the other hand it is itself a factor bringing about differentiation. It assigns to the various geographic areas specific functions in the complex of the process of production…..

    Division of labor is the process of breaking up task or activities in to smaller interconnected subtask thereby generating efficiency gains due to positive effects of specialization. The division of employee is that primarily it can only administrated when markets enough large sufficiently and alternate, that the increasing dividing of employee gives a enough to economic growth and the wealth of nation..   

The divide of employ is the disunion of assignment in any so that assistant may generalized. Individuals, management, & nations are contributed with or access generalized abilities & either form aggregate or business to take authority of the abilities of others in accession to their own. Specialized abilities may constitute authority in accession to arts and researching & compound combinations of such assets are often important, as when multiple items of specialized articles & abilities accomplish are used to generate a single brand. The dividing of employee is the motive for the connection.

Agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population and led to specialization of labor, including new classes of artisans, warriors, and the development of elites. This specialization was furthered by the process of industrialization and industrialization revolution factories

Division of labor refer to range of tasks within a social system … The division of labor became an important part of society after the agriculture revolution when humans had a food surplus for the first time.

Importance of division of labor in agriculture:

Division of labor combines specialization and a partition of complex production task into several or many sub tasks. Its importance in economic lie in the fact that a given number of workers can produce far more output In using division of labor compare to the same number of the worker alone.   

Dividing of employee, which associate to the system of alternate & generalized of assignment tasks, is a characteristics of social building constitute in all human societies. In it form it different & absolution over time. The dividing of employee generates complement among the individual generalized district. Families, activity and assembly as well as national economies and international trade refers, are seen as building of dividing of employee.

Whereas simple societies show very little definition into generalized job, some highly developed societies of today discern among more 40000 different occupations, with additional specializations on top. it is helpful to distinguish between a narrow technical economic understanding and a broader social understanding of division of labor.

Discrimination:

Discrimination is an act of making an unfavorable distinction for being based on the group, class or the category to which they are perceived to belong.

Discrimination in the work place:

·         Race, color, national, extraction or social origin.

·         Sex, gender, identity or sexual orientation

·         Age

·         Physical, intellectual, mental, or psychiatric disability

·         Pregnancy

·         Marital status, relationship status and family

·         Religion

Cause of discrimination:

·         Ignore the other people, cultures, ethnicities, background

·         Lack of empathy for those who may be different from oneself

·          Fear of unknown and those who are different

·         Feelings of helplessness and scapegoating others for that feelings

 

 

 

 

 

Disadvantages of discrimination:

·         Some consumers will end up of paying higher price. These higher price are likely to be allocatively inefficient

·         Decline in consumer surplus

·         Those who pay higher prices may not be the poorest E.g. adult could not be unemployment

·         There may be administration costs in separating the market

Profit from price discrimination could be used finance predatory pricing