ZOL-603 Principles of toxicology 4(3+1)

COURSE NAME: PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY

COURSE CODE: ZOL-603

CREDIT HOURS: 4(3+1)

DEPARTMENT: ZOOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:

1. To provide knowledge and understanding about the nature and mode of action of different categories of toxicants

2. To provide knowledge about the procedural protocols used in toxicological studies

3. To enable the students to understand the differential effects of variety toxicants on different cellular sites

LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES:

1.Obtain general knowledge of the harmful actions of chemical substances.

2. Study their mechanisms of action, and to estimate their possible risks to humans on the basis of experimental work on biological test systems.

After completing the programme the student is able to:

1. Critically evaluate different advanced exposure assessment methods

2. Design strategies for exposure assessment.

3. Design strategies for study of dose-response relations

4. Should be able to communicate the results to laymen (regulators, the public).

5. Should be aware of how the risk management process works in practice (nationally, and internationally)

COURSE CONTENTS:

1. Measuring toxicity and assessing risk: Introduction; chemistry of toxicants; toxicity testing methods; routes of exposure; determining the responses to varying doses of substances; time of exposure; the LD50 experiments; toxicity, hazards and risks.

2. Toxicokinetics: Introduction; pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics; absorption: the oral, respiratory and dermal route of exposure, distribution, elimination, toxicokinetic models: mathematical models of elimination; absorption and bioavailability; contrasting kinetics of lipophilic substances.

3. Biotransformation: Introduction; Primary biotransformation (phase I reaction) Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, Secondary metabolism (phase II reaction) Glucuridination, Glutathione conjugation, acetylation and other phase II reactions, factors influencing metabolism.

4. Cellular sites of action: Introduction, interaction of toxicants with proteins, effect of toxicants on enzymes, receptors and ion channels, voltage activated ion channels and transport proteins;, Effects of toxicants on lipids and nucleic acids, Mechanism of cell death; apoptosis, necrosis, stress, repair and recovery.

PRACTICALS:

1. Study of Biotoxicity assay for LC50.

2. Study the effects of different teratogenic chemicals on the development of human/rat embryo.

3. Study the effect of Ethanol on the development of chick embryo with different doses.

4.Study the effect of Xylene on the development of chick embryo.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS AND READING MATERIAL:

1. Principles of Toxicology, Karen E. Stine and Thomas M. Brown, CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group.

2.Toxicology, Hans Marquardt, Siegfried, G. Schafer, Roger Mcclellan, Frank welsch, 1999,2004, Academic press, San Diego.

3. Principles of toxicology testing, Frank A. Barile, CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.

4. M. Lois Murphy, C. P Dagg and David A. Karnofsky, Comparison of teratogenic chemicals in the rat and chick embryos. Pediatrics, 19:701-714

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

1. Principles of Toxicology, Karen E. Stine and Thomas M. Brown, CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group.