DESCRIPTION & OBJECTIVES

Pharmaceutics is the art and science of dosage form design. A dosage form also known as a drug delivery system is a carrier of therapeutically active moiety and thus formed from a combination of active drug and excipients. The subject enables students to understand role of Pharmacist and scope of pharmacy in different sectors of health care profession. Physical Pharmacy aims at providing the basic physical and chemical principles and laws helpful in the formulation of a safe, stable, accurate and efficacious drug delivery system. The subject gives an insight regarding the nature and type of different dosage forms like suspension, emulsion and describes the ways and mechanisms of stabilizing these formulations. It also educate about a number of various physico-chemical processes, which ultimately directly or indirectly influence the features of an ideal dosage form. It provides understanding regarding role of various official books in formulation and quality testing of different pharmaceutical product.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students will enable to understand

•             The brief history and scope of pharmacy
•             The official books
•             The different physical process
•             Different physical form of materials and their use in the pharmacy

COURSE CONTENTS

1. RHEOLOGY:

    Definition and Fundamental concept; Properties contributing to Rheological behaviour; Graphic

    Presentation of Rheological data.

2. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:

    a. Precipitation: Process of precipitation and its applications in Pharmacy.

    b. Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism and methods of crystallization and its 

        Applications in Pharmacy.

    c. Distillation: Simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation, vacuum distillation,

        destructive distillation and their applications in Pharmacy.

    d. Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence, lyophillization, elutrition,

        exiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion, calcination, adsorption, decantation, evaporation,

        vaporization, centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.

3. EXTRACTION PROCESSES:

    (i) Maceration: Purpose & process.

    (ii) Percolation: Purpose and Process.

    (iii) Liquid-Liquid extraction: Purpose and Process.

    (iv) Large scale extraction: Purpose and Process.

4. RATE AND ORDER OF REACTIONS:

5. KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING:

    THEORETIC CONSIDERATIONS: Degradation:

    a. Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, acid-base catalysis, U.V.

        light.

    b. Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reactions, Oxidation-reduction reactions, Hydrolysis.

READINGS and RECOMMANDED BOOKS

1. Zinc G. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. PhiladelphiaCollege of Pharmacy  

    and Science; 2005.

    Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins New York; 2005. 121

2. Aulton ME. Aulton's pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines. Churchill

     Livingstone; 2007.

3. Cooper JW, Gunn C, Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy. 6th Ed. New Delhi:

    CBS Publishers & Distributors; 2004.

4. Davis H. Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics. 2nd Ed. Tindall and Cox Publishers; 1961.

5. Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. 5th Ed. Pharmaceutical

    Press; 2011.

6. Allen LV, Popovich NG. Ansel's pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 8th

7. Sinko PJ. Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 6th Ed. Lippincott

     Williams & Wilkins; 2010