Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally it included plant morpholgy the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.Plant anatomy is now frequently investigated at the cellular level, and often involves the sectioning of tissues and microscopy.

Course aims and learning outcomes

• The aim of this course is to ensure that you can achieve an up‐to‐date level of understanding of plant science.
• Our objective is to provide training in scientific and transferable skills through modular lecture courses, research projects, written work, seminars and supervisions.
• At the end of the course you should have increased: Your capacity to think critically; your ability to design and execute an experiment; your confidence and ability in communicating ideas. This will serve as a lasting and practical basis for a career, for example, in research ‐ whether industry or academia - as well as teaching, media, law, commerce, government or management.

Assessment criteria:

• Sessional (Attendance, assignment & presentation) 20 Marks
• Practical Exam           20 Marks
• Mid Term Exam         20 Marks
• Final Term Marks       40 Marks

Recommended Books:
1. Dickison, W. C. 2000. Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, U. K.
2. Fahn, A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Pergamum Press, Oxford.
3. Esau, K. 1960. Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley, New York.
4. Metcalf, C. R. and Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. ClerondonPress.
Oxford.
5. Anon. Manual ofMicroscopic Analysis of Feeding Stuffs. The American Association of
feed Microscopists.
6. Vaughan, J. G. 1990. The structure and Utilization of Oil Seeds. Chapman and Hall Ltd.
London.
7. Metcalfe,C.R.1960. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons.Gramineae Clerondon Press,
Oxford.
8. Metcalfe, C. R.1971. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons.V. Cyperaceae.Clerondon Press,
Oxford.
9. Cutler, D. F. 1969. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. IV. Juncales. Clarendon Press,
Oxford.
10. Cutler, D. F. 1978. Applied Plant Anatomy. Longman Group Ltd. England
11. Raymond, E. S. and Eichhorn,E. 2005. Esau’s Plant Anatomy; Meristematiccells and
tissues of plant body. John Willey Sons.
12. Eames, A. J. and Mac Daniels,L. H.2002. An introduction to Plant Anatomy. Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
Journals / Periodicals:
Pakistan Journal of Botany