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• 1. The plant body and its development: fundamentalparts of the plant body,
• internal organization, different tissue systems of primary and secondary body.
• Meristematic tissues: classification cytohistological characteristics, initials and their derivative
• evolution of the concept of apical organization. Shoot and root apices
• 3. Apical meristem: Delimitation, different growth zones,
• Leaf: types, origin, internal organization, development of different tissues with special reference to mesophyll,
• venation, bundle-sheaths and bundle-sheath extensions. Enlargement of epidermal cells.
• Mid Term Examination
• .Vascular cambium: Origin, structure, storied and non-storied cell types, types of divisions: additive and multiplicative; cytoplasmic characteristics
• seasonal activity and its role in the secondary growth of root and stem. Abnormal secondary growth.
• . Origin, structure, development, functional and evolutionary specialization of the following tissues: Epidermis and epidermal emergences, Parenchyma, Collenchyma,
• Sclerenchyma, Xylem, Phloem with special emphasis on different types of woods, Periderm.
• 7. Secretory tissues:Laticifers (classification, distribution, development, structural characteristics,functions) and Resin Canals.
• Anatomy of reproductive parts: a. Flower b. Seed c. Fruit
• Anatomical adaptation.Molecular markers in tree species used for wood identification.
• Final Term Examination