Week 3. Global Trade of Mushrooms and biology and cultivation of edible fungi in Pakistan

There are hundreds of identified species of fungi which, since time immemorial, have made a significant global contribution to human food and medicine. Some estimate that the total number of useful fungi – defined as having edible and medicinal value – are over 2300 species. Although this contribution has historically been made through the collection of wild edible fungi, there is a growing interest in cultivation to supplement, or replace, wild harvest. This is a result of the increased recognition of the nutritional value of many species, coupled with the realization of the income generating potential of fungi through trade. In addition, where knowledge about wild fungi is not passed on within families or throughout communities, people have become more reluctant to wild harvest and prefer to cultivate mushrooms instead.

Cultivated mushrooms have now become popular all over the world. There are over 200 genera of macrofungi which contain species of use to people. Twelve species are commonly grown for food and/or medicinal purposes, across tropical and temperate zones, including the Common mushroom (Agaricus), Shiitake (Lentinus), Oyster (Pleurotus), Straw (Volvariella), Lion’s Head or Pom Pom (Hericium), Ear (Auricularis), Ganoderma (Reishi), Maitake (Grifola frondosa), Winter (Flammulina), White jelly (Tremella), Nameko (Pholiota), and Shaggy Mane mushrooms (Coprinus). Commercial markets are dominated by Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus spp, which represent three quarters of mushrooms cultivated globally.

 

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