Meaning of Law & Scope of Law

Introduction to Law

Definition of law is a rule of conduct developed by government or society over a certain territory. Law follows certain practices and customs in order to deal with crime, business, social relationships, property, finance, etc. The Law is controlled and enforced by the controlling authority. Let us explore the various definitions of law by different authors in detail.

Various Definitions of Law

There are broadly five definitions of Business Law. Let’s walk through each of them briefly.

1. Natural School 

In the natural school of thought, a court of justice decides all the laws. There are two main parts of this definition. One, to actually understand a certain law, an individual must be aware of its purpose. Two, to comprehend the true nature of law, one must consult the courts and not the legislature.

2. Positivistic Definition of Law

John Austin’s law definition states “Law is the aggregate set of rules set by a man as politically superior, or sovereign to men, as political subjects.” Thus, this definition defines law as a set of rules to be followed by everyone,  regardless of their stature.

Hans Kelsen created the ‘pure theory of law’. Kelsen states that law is a ‘normative science’. In Kelson’s law definition, the law does not seek to describe what must occur, but rather only defines certain rules to abide by.

 3. Historical Law Definition

Friedrich Karl von Savigny gave the historical law definition. His law definition states the following theories.

  • Law is a matter of unconscious and organic growth.
  • The nature of law is not universal. Just like language, it varies with people and age.
  • Custom not only precedes legislation but it is superior to it. Law should always conform to the popular consciousness because of customs.
  • Law has its source in the common consciousness (Volkgeist) of the people.
  • The legislation is the last stage of lawmaking, and, therefore, the lawyer or the jurist is more important than the legislator.

  4. Sociological Definition of Law

Leon Duguit states that law as “essentially and exclusively as a social fact.”

Rudolph Von Ihering’s law definition. – “The form of the guarantee of conditions of life of society, assured by State’s power of  constraint.”

This definition has three important parts. One, the law is a means of social control. Two, the law is to serve the purposes of the society. Three, law due to its nature, is coercive.

Roscoe Pound studied the term law and thus came up with his own law definition. He considered the law to be predominantly a tool of social engineering.

Where conflicting pulls of political philosophy, economic interests, and ethical values constantly struggled for recognition.

Against a background of history, tradition and legal technique. Social wants are satisfied by law acting which is acting as a social institution.

5.Realist Definition of Law

The realist law definition describes the law in terms of judicial processes. Oliver Wendell Holmes stated – “Law is a statement of  the circumstances in which public force will be brought to bear upon through courts.”

According to Benjamin Nathan Cardozo who stated “A principle or rule of conduct so established as to justify a prediction with reasonable certainty that it will be enforced by the courts if its authority is challenged, is a principle or rule of law.”

As the above law definitions state, human behavior in the society is controlled with the help of law. It aids in the cooperation between members of a society. Law also helps to avoid any potential conflict of interest and also helps to resolve them.

 

Law refers to the principles and regulations established by a Government , applicable to people and enforced by judicial decision.

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