Week 5: Photosynthesis: Introduction, Oxygenic and non-oxygenic photosynthesis Mechanism: light reactions (electron transport and photophosphorylation) and dark reactions (Calvin cycle).
Photosynthesis is a process in which the green plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of sunlight.
This process occurs only in cells which contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Raw material for photosynthesis is water and carbon dioxide.
Products of photosynthesis are oxygen and simple carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis process occurs in two steps (1) light reaction and (2) dark reaction.
1. Light reaction (Hill's reaction) NADPH2 and ATP are formed in the presence of ssunlight
2. Dark reaction (Calvin - Benson cycle) is a series of reactions in which carbon is fixed in the synthesis of sugar.
Course Material
- Week 1:Water relations to plants (water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential,matric potential).
- Week 2: Absorption and translocation of water. Stomata regulation.
- Week 3: Mineral nutrition: Soil as a source of minerals. Passive and active transport of nutrients.
- Week 4: Essential mineral elements, role and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients.
- Week 5: Photosynthesis: Introduction, Oxygenic and non-oxygenic photosynthesis Mechanism: light reactions (electron transport and photophosphorylation) and dark reactions (Calvin cycle).
- Week 6: Differences between C3 and C4plants.Factors affecting this process, Products of photosynthesis.
- Week 7: Respiration:Definition and respiratory substrates. Mechanism of Glycolysis,Krebscycle.
- Week 8: Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, Anaerobicrespiration
- Week 9: Mid term examination
- Week 10: Energy balance in aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Respiratory quotients
- Week 11: Introduction, aims and applications of ecology
- Week 12: Physical and Chemical properties of soil (soil formation, texture. pH, EC, organism and organic matter etc.) and their relationships to plants
- Week 13: Light and Temperature. Quality of light, diurnal and seasonal variations.Ecophysiological responses.
- Week 14: Field capacity and soil water holding capacity. Characteristics of xerophytes and hydrophytes. Effect of precipitation on distribution of plants
- Week 15: Wind as an ecological factor and its importance. Population Ecology: Introduction. A brief description of seed dispersal and seed bank
- Week 16: Community Ecology, Ecological characteristics of plant community, Methods of sampling vegetation (Quadrate and line intercept), Major vegetation types of the local area.
- Week 18: Final Term Examination
- Chapters 17
- Department Botany
- Teacher
Mr. Asghar Ali Ansari
