FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINOLOGY (CRM-500)

The course of the Fundamentals of Criminology has been framed with the objective:

To provide information regarding the understanding of the socio-political nature of defining certain acts of crime, gain familiarity with current and historical trends in crime and learn about the importance of correlates of crime;
To enable the students to promptly gain grasp of classical and contemporary criminological and sociological theories of crime and deviance; compare and contrast the different theoretical perspectives and apply the theories to comprehend crime, deviance and crime control efforts.
To acquire detailed knowledge of social institutions, policies and cultural frameworks in crime.
To learn how the foregoing social structure can both contribute to and ameliorate observed social inequalities.
To convey the student’s criminological knowledge in writing and orally to a range of audiences, including the research community, policy makers and the general public.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, the students are expected to reflect the following abilities in their behaviour:

Explain the nature and contents of criminology as a social science.
Describe the history and evolution of criminological thought.
Critically analyse the elements of the classical and modern theories of criminology.
Illustrate factors leading towards the crime bases of present-day criminal policy.
Compare and contrast the various perspectives on crime.
Critically evaluate the various sources of crime data.
Discuss current issues and trends in criminology.

READINGS

Anthony Walsh (2010) Introduction to Criminology: A Text/Reader
Larry J. Siegel – (2011) Criminology
Hagan, F. (2010). Introduction to Criminology, Beverly Hills
Carey, Hames T. 1978. An Introduction to Criminology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
Cavan. Ruth Shonle. 1956. Criminology. New York: Themas Y. Growell Co.
Conklin, John E. 1989. Criminology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Gottfredson, Michael R. 1987. Positive Criminology. London: Sage Publications
Hagan, John. 1987. Modern Criminology: Crime Criminal Behavior & its Control. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co.
Hagan, Frank E. 1989. Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Howe, Adrian. 1994. Punish and Critique. London: Routledge.
Kelly, Delos H. 1984. Deviant Behavior: The Sociology of Deviance. New York: St. Martin’s Press
Martin, Randy, Robert J. Mutchnick. W. Timothy Austin. 1990. Criminological Thought: Pioneers Past and Present. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Reckless, Walter C. 1955. Crime Problem. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts. Inc.

COURSE SCHEDULE

Week

Topics and Readings

Books with Page No.

Introduction: Criminology and its scope.

Criminology and its law.

21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook, Volume 1, Page. 10, by J. Mitchell Miller.

Introducing Criminology - Page 6, by Clive Coleman, Clive Norris.

Law for Criminologists: A Practical Guide, by By Ursula Smartt.

Crime and Society

Related concepts: deviancy, sin, vice

Crime as a social phenomenon

Crime and social organization (institutions)

Crime and social structure

Crime as a social problem

Deviancy in Early Rabbinic Literature: A Collection of Socio-Anthropological Essay by Simcha Fishbane.

Basic Concepts in Criminology - Page 12 by Asongwe N. Thomas.

Criminology: The Key Concepts - Page 58 by Martin O'Brien, Majid Yar.

Criminology and Political Theory - Page 87 by Dr Anthony Amatrudo.

Contemporary Social Problems and the Law - Page 78 by Prabhat Chandra Tripathy

Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency and crime

Crime prevention on juvenile level:

Juvenile courts

Juvenile reformatories

Probation

Other preventive programs

Juvenile Crime: Current Issues and Background by Lawrence V. Moore.

Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework by James C. Howell.

An Address on Prison Discipline and Juvenile Reformatories by Mary Carpenter.

Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice by Howard Abadinsky.

Crime and Criminals

The occasional criminal

The habitual criminal

The professional criminal

The white-collar criminal

The organized crime

The Criminology of Edwin Sutherland - Page 57 by John F. Galliher.

Criminology: The Core - Page 381 by Larry J. Siegel.

Serious Offenders: A Historical Study of Habitual Criminals by Barry S. Godfrey, David J. Cox, Stephen Farrall. The Habitual Criminal by Norval Morris.

Professional Criminals by Dick Hobbs.

The Criminology of White-Collar Crime by Sally S. Simpson, David Weisburd.

Corporate and White Collar Crime by John Minkes, Leonard Minkes.

5, 6 & 8

Explanations of Criminal Behavior

Biological explanation

Environmental explanation

Psychological explanation

Psychiatric explanation

Economic explanation

Sociological explanation

Islamic point of view

Saima, Akif & Asif Manzoor (Engr.) (2011, 2nd Edition). Police in Pakistan (A Research Book of Readings), March. lulu.com (UNITED STATES), page No. 101-114 & 168-189.

Saima, Manzoor (2014). WOMEN POLICE UNFURLED IN PAKISTAN: PERSPECTIVE, STATUS AND PROSPECTIVE, June. lulu.com (UNITED STATES), pages 19-35.

Saima, Akif, Manzoor (2015, 2nd Edition). NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAY POLICE IN PAKISTAN: AN ILLUMINATIVE STUDY, June. lulu.com (UNITED STATES), pages 59-94.

Crime Statistics

Sources, difficulties and need

National crime statistics and its sociological interpretation

International crime statistics and its sociological interpretation

Problems of reliability and validity

Understanding Crime Rates: Police and Public Roles in the Production of Official Statistics by A. Keith Bottomley, Clive Coleman.

10 & 11

Detection of Crime

Agencies of Detection: formal, informal

Techniques of detection

Problems in detection

Prevention & Detection of Crimes by T. Ramanujam.

Saima, Akif & Asif Manzoor (Engr.) (2011, 2nd Edition). Police in Pakistan (A Research Book of Readings), March. lulu.com (UNITED STATES), page No 115-123.

Trial and Conviction of Offenders

Agencies: formal, informal

Criminal Courts: Procedures and problems