Modern Techniques in Plant Breeding

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING & GENETICS

COURSE OUTLINE Fall 2018

Course Tittle: Modern Techniques in Plant Breeding

Course Code: PBG-407

Credit Hours: 3(2-1)

Instructor: Dr. Saeed Rauf

Email: [email protected]

DESCRIPTION & OBJECTIVES

The course will be taught with following objectives:

to build understanding of the basic terms regarding molecular genetics like structure of gene and its expression
utilization of invitro techniques i.e. haploid developments, embry rescue, somatic cell hybridization, invitro germplasm conservation
to familiarize student with basic concept of
- recombinant DNA technology
- development of transgenic organisms
- marker assisted selection
- Integration of novel molecular techniques with plant breeding

READINGS

Text Books

Loodish, H. 2004. Molecular Cell Biology. 5th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
Paul, C and K. Harry. 2004. Handbook of Plant Biotechnology. John Willy and Sons, New York, USA.
Muglani, G. S. 2003. Advanced Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
Singh, B. D. (Ed) 20039Plant Biotechnology. 2nd Ed., Kalyani Publisher, India
Brown, T. A. 2000. Essential Molecular Biology: A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

CONTENTS

Basics of molecular biology
Introduction to modern techniques
DNA amplification Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA fingerprinting,
Methods of genetic transformation, molecular markers and marker assisted selection in plant breeding.
In-vitro culture techniques : - Biotechnological approaches to drought tolerance, salt tolerance, pest resistance and protein quality in various field crops.
Importance of transgenic plants

COURSE SCHEDULE

Week	Lecture	Topic	Source (Book, Chapter #, Section #)
1.		Heredity material Protein vs. Nucleic acid	Book 1: Chapter 1
1.		Nucleic acid: Structure of DNA	Book 2: 14-18
2.		Genes, prokaryotic genes Genes in eukaryotic nucleus	Book 2: 14-26
2.		Gene Expression	Book 2: 29-31
3.		Haploid Production for Hybrid Sorting and Analytical Breeding -Definition -Androgensis -Gynogenesis	Book 2: Page 188-193
3.		Haploid Plants from Interspecific crosses Application of Haploids Advantages Limitations Concluding Remarks	Book 2: Page 33-45
4		Technology for Distant Hybridization i. Somatic Hybridization Protoplast Isolation Protoplast Fusion Selection of Hybrid Cell Regeneration of Haploid Plants Application of Crop Improvement	Book 4: 52-59
4		Symmetric Somatic Hybrids Asymmetric Hybrids Cybrid and Cytoplasm Transfer Genetic Engineering using Protoplast Advantage of Somatic Hybridization Limitation of Somatic Hybridization	Book 2: Chapter 4 54-58.
5		Germplasm Conservation Cryopreservation Improved methods of cryopreservation	Book 2: Chapter 4 54-58.
5		Slow growth culture Effects on genetic constitutions Application Achievements Advantages Limitations	Book 1: Chapter 3
6		Embryo rescue Introduction Embryo culture Preparation of embryos for culture Culture medium for young embryos Application for embryo culture	Book 1: Chapter 3
6		Invitro pollination and Fertilization	Book 1: Chapter 3
7		Somaclonal variation Introduction Isolation of somaclonal variants Screening Cell selection Characterization of variants	Book 2: Page 80
7		Molecular basis of somaclonal variation Origin of somaclonal variation	Book 2: 83-89
8		Gametoclonal variation Somaclonal variation and induced mutation Size of regenerant population	Book 2: 83-89
8		Cell Selection Plant material used for cell selection Application of selection pressure Use of mutagen Selection for diseases resistant variants Stress of resistant and other mutants Mutant for efficient nutrient utilization	Book 1: Chapter 6
9		Molecular Markers and marker assisted selection An ideal marker system Molecular marker system
9		Marker system selection Mapping population Mapping strategies Marker validation Application of molecular marker system Marker-assisted selection	Book 2: 122-128
10.		Recombinant DNA technology Restriction endonuclease Modification of cut ends Steps in gene cloning Obtaining DNA inserts for cloning	Book 2: 133-140
10.		Vectors E. coli vectors Plasmid vectors Bacteriophage vector Cosmid vectors Phasmid vectors Bacterial artificial chromosome Shuttle vectors Yeast vectors	Reference material Paper 1
11		Integration of DNA insert into vector Introduction of recombinant DNA into suitable host Selection of recombinant clones Sequence dependent screening Expression-based screening Multiple expression and integration of transgenic into host genome Site directed mutagenesis	Book 1:157-176
11		Transgenic Plants: Gene construct Introduction Application of transgenic plants Gene construct Plant promoters Coding regions of the desired transgene Reporter genes	Book 1:177-213
12		Transgenic Plants: Vectors and Transformation methods Plasmid vector Plant virus vector Transformation techniques	Book 2: 100-112
12		Integration of transgene Molecular analysis of putative transgenic Genetic analysis of transgenics Genetic transformation of chloroplast	Book 2: 104-107
13		Transgenic Plants. Resistance to abiotic stress Transgene action Herbicide resistance Insect resistance	Book 2: 108-112
13		Virus resistance Resistance to Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Drought Resistance	Book 2: 114-115
14		Transgenic Plants IV. Quality modifications and novel features Modification of starch quality Modification of oil quality Modification of seed protein	Book 2: 116-119
14		Golden rice Suppression of endogenous genes Male sterility	Book 3, Chapter 3: 152-161
16		Biochemical production	Book 3, Chapter 3: 166-169
16		Ornamental Plants: Modification of flower and foliage color and plant morphology	Book 3, Chapter 3: 170-174
17		Phytoremediation, targeting of transgene products into chloroplast and mitochondria Problem in gene transfer	Book 3, Chapter 3: 170-177
17		Class Discussion and Conclusion