Course Description:

The medical instruments and Chemicals-I course aims to develop that in the field of Allied Health Sciences (e.g Pathology Lab Sciences, Operation Theater/Surgery Sciences, Radio & Imaging Sciences and Public Health Sciences), the integration of a wide variety of technologies and medical equipment’s are involved in the diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation process. Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care which provides an explanation of patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions/intervention. Biomedical instruments / devices made an undeniable and valuable contribution in the field of medicine. New medical devices are based on available medical knowledge combined with technologies available in the electronics field. Medical instruments & Chemicals have a wide range of applications, from diagnostics to therapy, always aiming to provide new tools to improve the well-being of the population.

Learning Outcome:

Upon completion, students will possess the theoretical knowledge, skills, and abilities to: 

• Understand the working principles, components and their functions of biomedical instruments & Chemicals used in the field of Allied Health Sciences for diagnostic and research.

• Operate and calibrate all these instruments mention in course content list efficiently.

• Perform a wide range of diagnostic tests.

• Understand importance of precaution to be taken while working with instruments & Chemicals.

• Detect errors and dealing with the accidents due to mishandling.

• Ask for routine instruments service in time.

• Selection and buying of medical instruments.

• Care and routine maintenance of these instruments.

Course contents:

Introduction all the basic equipments, chemicals, glass wares, plastic wares used in medical field. General concepts of Microscopy: Microscopes; Definitions, Types, functions, uses, limitations; Water Bath: Working principle, component parts and their uses; Water Distillation unit: Procedure for preparing distilled water; Incubators: operating principle, types, operation; Centrifuge Machines; types, functions, uses, limitations; Pipettes; Different types, uses and pipetting techniques; Biosafety and Biosecurity: Biosafety cabinets: classification, uses, airflow (HEPA filters) in biosafety cabinets. Biosafety levels, biosafety controls, culture vs climate, emergency evacuation etc; Different types of hazards encountered in medical fields including Biological, electrical, mechanical hazards; Sterilization and disinfection – classification and methods of sterilization, Principle and Methods of sterilization by heat, By Dry Heat ,Flaming, Red Heat, Hot air oven, incineration, By Moist heat-Pasteurization, Inspissation, Tyndallisation & autoclave, Filtration Methods – in brief; Ionizing Radiations; Disinfection – Mode of action and uses of important chemical disinfectants – phenol and phenolic compounds, alcohols, aldehydes halogens, dyes, acids and alkalies; Gaseous methods of sterilization; Autoclave; Principle, Types, component parts and operations, Uses etc; Micro Wave Ovens; Cleaning, drying & Sterilization of Glassware, disposal of contaminated material i.e. Clinical infective material and inoculated culture media, Refrigerators and Freezers; introduction, working principle and uses, Glucometers: Types, working principle, operation and uses, Balances: types of balancing equipments, Weighing Machines: Types, operating principles, calibration, maintenance and uses, Hot plate and its uses,Bunsen burner and its uses in different section in the laboratory, Fume hood: Procedure for use, Shaker: Types and uses, B.P Apparatus: Types, working principle and operation, Pulse Meters. Procedure for use, Scientific Calculators etc, Units of Measurements and laboratory calculations: Making the Glass Equipments: Making a Pasteur pipette, stirrer, bending a glass tubing, making a wash bottle, Forceps: Different types and their uses in different specialties in medical fields, NeedlesScissors – different types of scissors used in medical labs in different specialty sections, Different types of chemicals used in medical fields like antiseptics, disinfectants, anesthetics etc. Different types of solutions used in medical fields. Standard solutions, calibrators, controls, Buffer solutions, Reagent solutions, Staining solutions etc.

Recommended Books

• Medical laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries by Monica Cheesbrough Volume:1 Second Edition.

• Baker & Silverton’s Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology Seventh Edition

• Manual of Laboratory Medicine by AFIP

• Good Clinical Laboratory Practices in Pakistan. Editors: 2019 Aamir Ikram, Rita Guenther and Benjamin Rusek.

• Clinical Chemistry techniques, principles, correlations sixth edition Michael L. Bishop, MS,  CLS, MT (ASCP)

• Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology Seventh Edition by F.J Baker.

• Tietz Fundamental of clinical chemistry 7th edition

Assessment System (Exam, Assigenments)

Three tests & one send-up written examination including objective & subjective (SEQs, LEQs) type questions
Weighing of internal assessment(10 marks ) = 50 % passing, 80-95% for good-excellent internal assessment also based on class performance, and attendance.
Theory: 90 Marks

Practical: N/A

Classes Schedule:

Wednesday: 09:40 AM - 10:20 AM

Start Date: February 15, 2021