Week

Topic

Books with page no

1

Amino acids, peptides and proteins: standard amino acids, their structure and classification; acid/base properties of amino acids and their titration curves;

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry; 101-110

2

Peptides, their ionic behavior and amino acid composition, cytochrome c

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

111-135

Proteins: level of structural organization, example of structural and functional proteins.

135-168

3

Enzymes: Introduction; important characteristics of enzymes; immobilized enzymes; how enzymes work; example of enzymatic reaction; enzyme kinetics, enzyme rate of reaction and substrate concentration, how pH and temperature effect on enzyme activity.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

212-243

4

Carbohydrates: Classification, types, important characteristics and structure of carbohydrates

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

270-275

5

Cyclic structure of monosaccharides; cyanohydrin formation; disaccharides their types structure and function

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

275-289

6

Polysaccharides, storage and structural types; structure and major functions of polysaccharides.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

290-299

7

Lipids: fatty acids, their types and major characteristics;

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

343-357

8

Storage lipids, acylglycerols; waxes; structural lipids in membranes; major functions of lipids; Lipoproteins, their types and major functions.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

358-376

9

Vitamins and cofactors: occurrence, structure and biochemical function of vitamins B complex group.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

10

Metabolism: detailed description of glycolysis and catabolism of other hexoses; regulation and bioenergetics of glycolysis. Anabolic role of glycolysis; fate of pyruvate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, lactate, acetyl CoA and ethanol formation

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

11

Alcoholic fermentation; gluconeogenesis, its regulation and significance in the tissues; feeder pathways in glycolysis; utilization of other carbohydrates in glycolysis phosphorolysis and starch; regulation of glycogen metabolism.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

12

Citric acid (TCA) cycle: conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, pyruvate dehydrogenase, a multi-enzyme complex; detailed description of citric acid cycle; bioenergetics and conservation of energy produced in the cycle. Anabolic or biosynthetic role of citric acid cycle intermediates;

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

13

Replenishing or anaplerotic reactions and their role; regulation of citric acid cycle; Electron transport and its components, oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmotic theory, ATP synthesis, uncouple electron transport and heat generation.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

14

Lipid metabolism: oxidation of fatty acids; digestion, mobilization and transport of fats; biosynthesis of triacylglycerol; utilization of triacylglycerol; activation of fatty acids and their transportation to mitochondria; beta-oxidation; bioenergetics of beta-oxidation

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

15

oxidation of unsaturated and odd chain fatty acids; omega oxidation pathway; biosynthesis of saturated fatty acid, supply of raw material for palmitic acid synthesis; fatty acid synthetase (FAS) multienzyme complex; Ketone bodies their biosynthesis, utilization and role in the tissues; cholesterol metabolism: Steroid hormones.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

16

Nitrogen metabolism: metabolic fate of amino acids; catabolism of amino acids; deamination and transamination; nitrogen excretion and urea cycle; regulation of urea cycle.

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry