Chemistry of Natural Products (Minor); Course Code: CHEM-479/CHEM-668

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism. In the broadest sense, natural products are any substance produced by life. Natural products can be isolated from plants (roots, shoots, stems, leaves, peals, seeds, fruits, barks, flowers) and animals (blood, serum, urine, skins, hairs, nails, body fluids) as well as could be prepared by using organic synthesis. The hydrocarbons obtained from two main sources e.g., minerals and living (includes wastes of plants and animals) are utilized for obtaining natural products through several synthetic strategies which brings functional group inter-conversion in order to get the target materials. This course covers the properties, identification, biosynthesis and applications (several medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial importances) of natural products like vitamins, sterol derivatives, flavonoids, terpenes/carotenes and alkaloids.

Course Material

01 Week:1-1: General introduction and isolations of natural products

02 Week:1-2: General introduction and isolations of natural products-II

03 Week:1-3: Introduction, classification and structure elucidation of steroids

04 Week:2-1: Introduction and Total synthesis of Diels hydrocarbons

05 Week:2-2: Biosynthesis of cholesterol

06 Week:2-3: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol-II

07 Week:2-4: Introduction about cholesterol and its biosynthesis

08 Week:3-1: Good and bad cholesterol. Structure and activity of Statin drugs

09 Week:3-2: Introduction, function and biosynthesis of Vit-D-I

10 Week:3-3: Introduction, function and biosynthesis of Vit-D-II

11 Week:4-1: Introduction, properties and function of Bile acids, Corticosteroids and Sex harmones

12 Week:4-2:Introduction, properties and function of Bile acids, Corticosteroids and Sex harmones-II

13 Week:4-3: Introduction and functions of Stigmasterol and Ergosterol

14 Week:5-1 & 2: Commercialization of Ergosterol derivatives i.e., Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole and Mycobutanil

15 Week:6-1: Introduction about Terpenes and carotenes and their sources. Essential oils and its applications

16 Week:6-2: Classification of terpenes. Isoprene rules. Structure and functions of naturally occurring terpenes and carotenes. Tests of terpenoids

17 Week:7-1 & 2: General methods for terpenes extraction including expression, steam distillation, extraction by volatile solvent, adsorption in purified fats and chrommatography

18 Week:8-1: Biosynthesis of Terpenoids by Mevalonate pathway

19 Week:8-2: Natural rubbers, rubber vulcanization, Gutta Parcha. Introduction about synthetic rubber including Buna rubber, Butyl rubber, Neoprene and Silicon rubber

20 Week:9: Mid Term Examination

21 Week:10-1: Introduction, sources and tests for carotenoids. Carotenes importance in vision

22 Week:10-2: Introduction, sources and tests for carotenoids. Carotenes importance in vision-II

23 Week:10-3: Biosynthesis of Vitamin A. Transformation of Rhodopsin to Opsin and its effect on nerve impulse

24 Week:11-1: Introduction about alkaloids, alkaloids general characteristics and alkaloids extractions

25 Week:11-2: Classifications of Alkaloids and brief description about characteristics of each of 7 Alkaloids classes

26 Week:12-1: Precursors for Alkaloids biosynthesis and general reactions involved in Alkaloids biosynthesis

27 Week:12-2: Biosynthesis of Phenylethyl amine group

28 Week:13-1: Biosynthesis of Pyridine Alkaloids. Biosynthesis of Coniine from (i) Lysine and (ii) Polyketides

29 Week:13-2: Biosynthesis of Pyrrolidine Alkaloids. Biosynthesis of Coniine from (i) Lysine and (ii) Polyketides

30 Week:13-3: Biosynthesis of Pyrrolidine-Pyridien Alkaloids: Quinolinic acid, Nicotinic Acid, Nicotine, Hygrin, Tropinone, Tropine, Littorine and Hyocyamine, Ecgonine, Cocaine

31 Course:14-1: Biosynthesis of Quinoline Alkaloids: Secologanin, Tryptamine, Quinine

32 Course:14-2: Biosynthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Norlaudanosoline, Laudanosine, Papaverine, Reticuline, Salutaridine, Thebain, Codeine, Morphine

33 Week:14-3: Biosynthesis of Phenanthrene Alkaloids: Norlaudanosoline, Laudanosine, Papaverine, Reticuline, Salutaridine, Thebain, Codeine, Morphine

34 Week:15-1: Biosynthesis of Indole Alkaloids: Gramine, tetrahydro-β-carboline, β-carboline and Harmine

35 Week:15-2: Introduction about Vitamines, Classification of Vitamines on the basis of solubility, Introduction and applications of Vit-B complex

36 Week:16-1: Introduction and synthesis of Vit-B1 (Thiamine), Pyrophosphate of thiamine, thiamine oxidation

37 Week:16-2: Introduction and synthesis of Vit-B2 (Riboflavin, Lactoflavin) and Vit-B12 (Cyanocobalamine)

38 Week:17-1: Introduction, function, appearance and occurance of Vit-E, Vit-K and Vit-H (Biotine)

39 Week:17-2: Introduction, classifications and applications of Natural Pigments (Flavonoids)

40 Week:18: Final Examination