Week:12-1: Precursors for Alkaloids biosynthesis and general reactions involved in Alkaloids biosynthesis
Course Material
- Week:1-1: General introduction and isolations of natural products
- Week:1-2: General introduction and isolations of natural products-II
- Week:1-3: Introduction, classification and structure elucidation of steroids
- Week:2-1: Introduction and Total synthesis of Diels hydrocarbons
- Week:2-2: Biosynthesis of cholesterol
- Week:2-3: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol-II
- Week:2-4: Introduction about cholesterol and its biosynthesis
- Week:3-1: Good and bad cholesterol. Structure and activity of Statin drugs
- Week:3-2: Introduction, function and biosynthesis of Vit-D-I
- Week:3-3: Introduction, function and biosynthesis of Vit-D-II
- Week:4-1: Introduction, properties and function of Bile acids, Corticosteroids and Sex harmones
- Week:4-2:Introduction, properties and function of Bile acids, Corticosteroids and Sex harmones-II
- Week:4-3: Introduction and functions of Stigmasterol and Ergosterol
- Week:5-1 & 2: Commercialization of Ergosterol derivatives i.e., Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole and Mycobutanil
- Week:6-1: Introduction about Terpenes and carotenes and their sources. Essential oils and its applications
- Week:6-2: Classification of terpenes. Isoprene rules. Structure and functions of naturally occurring terpenes and carotenes. Tests of terpenoids
- Week:7-1 & 2: General methods for terpenes extraction including expression, steam distillation, extraction by volatile solvent, adsorption in purified fats and chrommatography
- Week:8-1: Biosynthesis of Terpenoids by Mevalonate pathway
- Week:8-2: Natural rubbers, rubber vulcanization, Gutta Parcha. Introduction about synthetic rubber including Buna rubber, Butyl rubber, Neoprene and Silicon rubber
- Week:9: Mid Term Examination
- Week:10-1: Introduction, sources and tests for carotenoids. Carotenes importance in vision
- Week:10-2: Introduction, sources and tests for carotenoids. Carotenes importance in vision-II
- Week:10-3: Biosynthesis of Vitamin A. Transformation of Rhodopsin to Opsin and its effect on nerve impulse
- Week:11-1: Introduction about alkaloids, alkaloids general characteristics and alkaloids extractions
- Week:11-2: Classifications of Alkaloids and brief description about characteristics of each of 7 Alkaloids classes
- Week:12-1: Precursors for Alkaloids biosynthesis and general reactions involved in Alkaloids biosynthesis
- Week:12-2: Biosynthesis of Phenylethyl amine group
- Week:13-1: Biosynthesis of Pyridine Alkaloids. Biosynthesis of Coniine from (i) Lysine and (ii) Polyketides
- Week:13-2: Biosynthesis of Pyrrolidine Alkaloids. Biosynthesis of Coniine from (i) Lysine and (ii) Polyketides
- Week:13-3: Biosynthesis of Pyrrolidine-Pyridien Alkaloids: Quinolinic acid, Nicotinic Acid, Nicotine, Hygrin, Tropinone, Tropine, Littorine and Hyocyamine, Ecgonine, Cocaine
- Course:14-1: Biosynthesis of Quinoline Alkaloids: Secologanin, Tryptamine, Quinine
- Course:14-2: Biosynthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Norlaudanosoline, Laudanosine, Papaverine, Reticuline, Salutaridine, Thebain, Codeine, Morphine
- Week:14-3: Biosynthesis of Phenanthrene Alkaloids: Norlaudanosoline, Laudanosine, Papaverine, Reticuline, Salutaridine, Thebain, Codeine, Morphine
- Week:15-1: Biosynthesis of Indole Alkaloids: Gramine, tetrahydro-β-carboline, β-carboline and Harmine
- Week:15-2: Introduction about Vitamines, Classification of Vitamines on the basis of solubility, Introduction and applications of Vit-B complex
- Week:16-1: Introduction and synthesis of Vit-B1 (Thiamine), Pyrophosphate of thiamine, thiamine oxidation
- Week:16-2: Introduction and synthesis of Vit-B2 (Riboflavin, Lactoflavin) and Vit-B12 (Cyanocobalamine)
- Week:17-1: Introduction, function, appearance and occurance of Vit-E, Vit-K and Vit-H (Biotine)
- Week:17-2: Introduction, classifications and applications of Natural Pigments (Flavonoids)
- Week:18: Final Examination
- Chapters 40
- Department Chemistry(SCB)
- Teacher
Dr. Muhammad Saleem
