Inorganic Chemistry (CHEM-5102)

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Inorganic chemistry is concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds. It deals with the chemical reactions, physical poperties and applications of different inorganic compounds in industries and daily life. Many inorganic compounds are being used in pharmaceutical industries, agriculture etc as catalysts, acids, bases, medicines and fertilizers.

LEARNING OUTCOMES & OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to learn:

  1. Periodic table and periodic trends
  2. Classification of acids and bases, Buffers and their classification
  3. Classification of analytical techniques and their applications
  4. Chemistry of d-block elements and bonding theories
  5. Chemistry of p-block elements and their properties
  6. Separation techniques used in analytical chemistry
  7. Introduction to spectroscopy
  8. Chemical industries and industrial processes

Books

1. Iqbal, M.Z., „Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry‟, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Revised Edition (1998).
2. Chaudhry, G. R., „Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edition; New Kitab Markaz, Faisalabad, Pakistan (2001).
3. Bhatti, H.N. and Nasir, B.A. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 1st Edition, The Carvan Book House, Lahore, (2000).
4. Albert, C.F., Wilkinson G. and Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY (1995).
5. Lee, J.D., „Concise Inorganic Chemistry‟. 5th Edition, Chapman & Hall, UK (1996).
6. Jolly, W.L., „Modern Inorganic Chemistry‟, Chemistry‟, 2nd Edition McGraw Hill, NY (1991).
7. Shriver, D.F., Atkins P.W. and Langord, C.H. „Inorganic Chemistry‟, 2nd Edition, Oxford Press, UK (1994).
8. Housecroft, C.E. and Sharpe, A.G., „Inorganic Chemistry‟, 3rd Edition, Longman, NY (1992).
9. Rayner-Canham, G. „Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry‟, W.H. Freeman & Co. UK (1995).
10. Jeffery, G.H., Bassett, J., Mendham, J. and Denney, R.C. „Vogel‟s Textbooks of Quantitative Chemical Analysis‟, 5thy Edition, Benjamin-Cummings, NY (1989).
11. Vogel, A.I, „A Text Book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis‟, Longman Green & Co. NY (1995).
12. Skoog, D.A., West, D.M and Holler, F.J. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Edition Saunders College Publications, UK (1994).
13. Graham, H and Man, H. Chemistry in Context 5th Edition, Thomas Nelson Ltd. U.K. (2000).
14. Philp M. Advance Chemistry, Cambridge Low Price Edition, U.K. (1996).
15. David H. Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, NY (2000).

CONTENTS

Periodic Table and Periodicity of Properties: Modern Periodic Table, Group trends and periodic properties, Atomic & ionic radii, ionization potentials, electron affinities and electronegativities; Redox potential, electrochemical series and its applications. Corrosion and electroplating.

Acid Base Equilibria: Acids and bases, relative strengths of acids, pH, pKa, pKb. Hard and soft acid & Bases. SHAB Principle & its application. Buffers, types buffer, Preparation, Buffer capacity and applications of buffers.  Indicators: (Acid-base, Redox, Adsorption), Solubility product, Common ion effect and its applications.

Chemical Bonding: Nature of a bond, hybridization, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), The Concept of Resonance,  Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Special types of bonds such as Metallic bonds, Hydrogen Bonding, Bent bond, Ion-dipole-dipole bond, ion induced-dipole bond.

Chemistry of p-Block Elements: Introduction to p-block elements (Group trends in p-block elements with reference to, atomic sizes & chemical reactivities). Boranes & Boride; aluminium halides, hydrides & Alums; Silicates (Structural aspects, classifications and applications); silicones (Structural aspects, classifications and applications),Germanes; phosphazenes, Phosphides, Oxoacids of Phosphorous; Oxoacids & salts of sulphur; Noble gases (compounds of Xe, Kr, Ra; bonding and applications).Production of pure silicon chips for solar energy cells. 

Chemistry of d-Block Elements: Electronic configuration. Characteristics. Nomenclature. Nature of bonding in coordination compounds: Werner’s theory, VBT, MOT and CFT for coordination compounds. Isomerism in coordination compounds.  Chelates: Classification and applications. Applications of coordination compounds (Medicinal, Industrial, Agricultural).

Separation Techniques: General introduction and Applications (Solvent extraction and Chromatographic techniques such as paper, Ion exchange and Column).

Introduction to Analytical Techniques in Inorganic Chemistry: Introduction to spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, brief instrumentation, sample handling and applications (Flame emission, Atomic Absorption, IR & UV/Vis). 

Chemical Industries: Metallurgy of Al, Cr and U, fertilizers (Urea & Phosphate fertilizers) Cement and Sugar.

COURSE SCHEDULE

 

Sr.#

Topics

Weeks

1.

Introduction of d-block elements, General characteristics: electronic configurations, color of compounds

Week 1

2.

Nature of bonding in coordination compounds: Werner’s theory, VBT and CFT for coordination compounds.

Week 2

3.

Isomerism in coordination compounds. Chelates: Classification and applications. Applications of coordination compounds (Medicinal, Industrial, Agricultural).

Week 3

4.

General introduction and Applications (Solvent extraction and Chromatographic techniques such as paper, Ion exchange and Column).

Week 4

5.

Modern Periodic Table, Group trends and periodic properties, Atomic & ionic radii, ionization potentials, electron affinities and electronegativities; Redox potential, electrochemical series and its applications. Corrosion and electroplating.

Week 5

6.

Acids and bases, relative strengths of acids, pH, pKa, pKb. Hard and
soft acid & Bases. SHAB Principle & its application. Buffers, types buffer, Preparation, Buffer capacity and applications of buffers. Indicators: (Acid-base, Redox, Adsorption), Solubility product, Common ion effect and its applications.

Week 6

7.

Nature of a bond, hybridization, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), The
Concept of Resonance, Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

Week 7

8.

Special types of bonds such as Metallic bonds, Hydrogen Bonding, Bent bond, Ion-dipole-dipole bond, ion induced-dipole bond.

Week 8

9.

Introduction to p-block elements (Group trends in p-block elements with reference to, atomic sizes & chemical reactivities). Boranes & Boride; aluminium halides, hydrides & Alums;

Week 9

10.

Silicates (Structural aspects, classifications and applications); silicones (Structural aspects, classifications and applications),

Week 10

11.

Germanes, phosphazenes, Phosphides, Oxoacids of Phosphorous; Oxo acids & salts of sulphur

Week 11

12.

Noble gases (compounds of Xe, Kr, Ra; bonding and applications).Production of pure silicon chips for solar energy cells.

Week 12

13.

Introduction to spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, brief instrumentation, sample handling and applications of Flame emission, Atomic Absorption, uv-visible spectroscopy

Week 13

14.

Metallurgy of Aluminum, Chromium and Uranium

Week 14

15.

Fertilizers (Urea & Phosphate fertilizers) Cement and Sugar.

Week 15

16

Final term

Week 16

 

Inorganic Chemistry Lab. (Cr.01)

1. Qualitative Analysis; four radicals (cations and anions) for salt mixture.
2. Chromatographic separation of cations
3. Determination of total hardness of water using EDTA.
4. Estimation of manganese (II) using EDTA.
5. Estimation of copper (iodometrically).
6. Determination of thiosulphate ion (lodometrically).
7. Determination of ferricyanide using KI solution.
8. Determination of chloride by Volhard‟s and Mohr‟s methods.
9. Estimation of chloride ions using adsorption (Fluorescein) indicator.
10. Estimation of bromide ions using adsorption (Eosin) indicator.
11. Estimation of percentage of ferrous ions in the Mohr‟s salt using KMnO4.
12. Percentage determination of ferric ions in ferric alum using KMnO4 solution.
13. Determination of purity of commercial potassium oxalate using KMnO4 solution.
14. Estimation of ferrous ions using K2Cr2O7 solution

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Sessional: 15% (It includes assignments, presentation, class attendance and class participation)

Mid exam: 15%

Final exam: 45%

Practical assessment: 25%

Course Material

Other Courses by Mr. Abu Bakar Siddique