The Development of Islamic Fiqh and Sufism in Abbasid Period

Islam is both a religion and a civilization, a historical reality that spans over fourteen centuries of human history and a geographical presence in vast areas stretching over the Asian and African continents and even parts of Europe. It is also a spiritual and metahistorical reality that has transformed the inner and outer life of numerous human beings in very different temporal and spatial circumstances. Today over 1.2 billion people from different racial and cultural backgrounds are Muslim, and historically Islam has played a signifi cant role in the development of certain aspects of other civilizations, especially Western civilization. Not only is Islam a major presence in today’s world, but its infl uence is also evident in the history of the Christian West, not to mention that of India and other regions of Asia and Africa.

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