COMPARATIVE CHARACTERS OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES

PROKARYOTES

            A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus (karyon), mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek  (pro) "before" and (karyon) "nut or kernel".Prokaryotes can be divided into two domains, archaea and bacteria. In contrast, species with nuclei and organelles are placed in the domain Eukaryota.

EUKARYOTES

Eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name, which comes from the Greek (eu, "well" or "true")and (karyon, "nut" or "kernel"). Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus.

Eukaryotes [Animals, plants, fungi] are different from one another; they do have three general parts that allow them to carry out these processes of life. These are:

  1. Cell membrane, 2. Nucleus, 3. Other organelles. The organelles are very important to the cell’s functioning.

Organelles include:

  1. Mitochondria, which transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP.
  2. Ribosomes organize the synthesis of proteins (which is used to get energy).
  3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum prepares proteins for export  smooth endoplasmic reticulum regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxic substances, and synthesizes steroids
  4. Golgi body processes and packages substances produced by the cell.
  5. Lysosomes digest molecules.
  6. Other little parts to the cells which aid in all of this. These include microfilaments, cilia, flagella (those two assist in transportation)
  7. Nucleus.

Plant contain cell wall, the vacuole, and the plastid. All of these organelles are used to carry out the life processes

Comparison of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

PROKARYOTES

EUKARYOTES
  • These have prokaryotic cells e.g. bacteria
  • Nucleus without membrane and chromosomes are present in cytoplasm, no mitosis occurs
  • Membrane bounded organelles are absent, mitochondria absent.
  • Ribosomes are small-sized
  • Cell-Wall composed of peptidoglycan or murine. Cellulose is absent.
  • Cell- membrane lack sterols compounds
  • Cells are small-sized and simple average diameter 0.5-10mm.
  • The prokaryotes are dependent on other similar cells and different cells in order to form what’s necessary for the life processes, while each eukaryotic cell has all the organelles it needs to carry

out the processes of life
  • These have eukaryotic cells e.g. fungi, plants and animals.
  • Chromosomes are present in membrane-bounded nucleus , mitosis occurs
  • Membrane bounded organelles are present, mitochondria present.
  • Ribosomes are large-sized
  • Cell-Wall is composed of cellulose in plants and in fungi it is made up of chitin
  • Cell membrane having sterols compounds
  • Cells are larger and complex with average diameter 10-100mm.
  • This entire system carries out one important life process. This is the major difference between the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes

 

 

 

Download Files

prokarytes-2.docx (0.02 MB )