PREV

• Week-1: a) Pteridophytes Introduction, origin, history, features and a generalized life cycle. Methods of fossilization, types of fossils,
• Week-2: geological time scale and importance of palebotany. First vascular plant Rhyniophyta e.g. Cooksonia
• Week-3: General characters, classification, affinities
• Week-4: comparative account of evolutionary trends of the following phyla: Psilopsida (Psilotum), ………….. Dryopteris and Azolla/Marsilea).
• Week-5: b) Origin and Evolution of seed habit.
• Week-6: c) Gymnosperms: Geological history, origin, distribution, morphology, anatomy,
• Week-7: Classification and affinities of Cycadofillicales, Bennettitales, Ginkgoales, Cycadales and Gnetales.
• Week-8: Distribution of gymnosperms in Pakistan. Economic importance of gymnosperms.
• Week-9: Mid Term Exam
• Week-10: d) Angiosperms: Origin, general characteristics, Importance, and life cycle of angiosperms.
• Week-11: e) Palynology:1. An introduction to Neopalynology and Paleopalynology,
• Week-12: palynology applications in botany, geology, archaeology, criminology,
• Week-13: medicines, honey and oil and gas exploration.
• Week-14: 2. Basic information about the nomenclature, morphology and classification of living and fossil pollen and spores.
• Week-15: 1. To study the morphological and reproductive features of available genera.
• Week-16: 2. Study trips to different parts of Pakistan for the collection and identification of important pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
• Week-17: 3. Study of pollen morphology
• Week-18: Final Term exam