Measurement Uncertainty

  • Introduction
  • Sources of Systematic Error
  • System Disturbance due to Measurement
  • Error due to Environmental Input
  • Wear in Instrument Component
  • Connecting Leads
  • Reduction of Systematic Errors
  • Careful Instrument Design
  • Calibration
  • Method of Opposing Inputs
  • High-Gain Feedback
  • Signal Filtering
  • Manual Correction if Output Reading
  • Intelligent Instruments
  • Quantification of Systematic Error
  • Calculation of Overall Systematic Error
  • Sources and Treatment of Random Errors
  • Statistical Analysis of Measurements Subjects Subject to Random Errors
  • Mean and Median Values
  • Standard Deviation and Variance