Week 14: How to locate ourself on a map.

Identify Terrain Features

Constantly check your map position as you hike. When you find a good vantage point, match key landmarks.

Mountains

Circular contours usually indicate high points. They may encompass many miles (ranges) or small areas (summits). Also, look for an “X” or precise elevation marking prominent peaks. Use features like secondary summits, passes, or water features to confirm your position.

Ridges and Valleys

U- and V-shaped lines indicate ridges, valleys, or drainages (V’s indicate sharper relief and U’s mean mellower terrain). In valleys, streams may run through the contour lines’ curves, which point uphill. Along ridges, the tips of the Vs point downhill; streams (if present) may run to the side.

Cliffs

Contour lines represent elevation change, so the closer they are, the steeper the terrain. Tightly packed lines indicate cliffs; examine them carefully when planning off-trail travel, as they often cut across consistent aspects or elevations. Beware: Short-but-impassable walls can fall between contours.

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