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• Scientific Method and Social Research
• Theory and Research
• Research Orientation, Basic, Applied and Evaluative
• Purpose of Research: Exploration, Description, Explanation
• Concept: Development Process
• Definition: Nominal and Operational,
• Variable: Types, Hypothesis: Uni variate, Bi-variate, Multivariate,
• Characteristics of a Testable Hypothesis. Nul Hypothesis. Alternate Hypothesis
• Stages of Social Research, Circularity and Replication
• Formulation of Research Problem Choosing the Problem and its Significance, Review of Relevant Literature
• Theoretical Framework, The Derivation of Hypothesis,
• Measuring the Variables: Operationalization, Validity and Reliability,
• The Time Dimension: Cross-sectional Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Approximating Longitudinal Studies
• Unit of Analysis: Individuals, Groups, Organizations
• Population and sampling