Chemical disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives
Dsinfectant was first introduced by Joseph Lister who introduced "carbolic acid" (phenol) in the 1880's. Today disinfectants are widely used in the health care, food and pharmaceutical sectors to prevent unwanted microorganisms from causing disease.
Disinfection is the process of removing microorganisms including pathogenic ones from the surface of inanimate objects. The British Standards Institution further defines disinfection as not necessarily killing all microorganisms, but reducing them to a level acceptable for a defined purpose, for example, a level which is harmful neither to health nor to the quality of perishable goods.