This course deals with the philosophy and history of corrections, including the jails. Examines the history of correctional systems in Pakistan, as well as the current theory and practices of corrections. Topics include sentencing, the incarceration process, probation, parole, institutional programs, rehabilitation, offender case management, communitybased correctional programs, correctional workers, and community involvement in corrections. Other topics include the organization and jurisdiction of local, provincial, and federal law enforcement agencies, role expectations and their interrelationships, a survey of professional career opportunities and the minimum qualifications required for employment as a Parole/ Probation and Corrections Officer.

Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Describe social purposes of corrections.

2. Outline costs of corrections.

3. Relate social purposes to costs.

4. Describe the nature of the Integrated Correctional Program Model (ICPM) and analyze the history of correctional programming in Pakistan.

5. Identify role of correctional workers in the context of the overall system.

6. Relate law, policy, and procedures to correctional practices.

7. Analyze ethical issues in correctional practices.

8. Forecast emerging issues in corrections.

9. Critique on correctional practices.