Basic Concepts: Atomic, molecular and hybrid orbitals: multiple localized and delocalized bonds; properties of bonds; inductive effect; dipole moment. The concept of resonance, rules for resonance; resonance energy; steric inhibition of resonance; hyperconjugation; resonance effect; hydrogen bonding; tautomerism. Introduction to spectroscopy with special reference to ultraviolet / visible and infrared spectroscopy.

Hydrocarbons: Classification of hydrocarbons. Nomenclature, methods of preparations, physical characteristics and chemical reactions of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Source of aromatic hydrocarbons. Structure of benzene and the concept of aromatics hydrocarbons. Structure of benzene and the concept of aromaticity Aromatic electrophilic substitution.

Stereoisomerism: Conformational Analysis of ethane and butane. Optical Isomerism. Optical activity, chiral carbon atom and optical isomerism; relative and absolute configuration, creation of chiral carbon and racemization, optical isomerism in compounds containing two chiral carbon atoms; diasteroisomers; elements of symmetry; resolution of racemic mixture. Geometrical Isomerism, cis/trans isomerism, designation of configuration, Determination of configuration.

Alkyl Halides: Nomenclature, methods of preparation and chemical reactions with special reference to nucleophilic substitution and elimination reaction of alkyl halides. Preparations, structure and synthetic applications of Grignard’s reagents.

The Hydroxyl group and Ethers: Nature of hydroxyl group in alcohols and phenols.

Alcohols: Classification and nomenclature of alcohols; methods of preparation and chemical reactions of alcohols; distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Polyhydric alcohols.

Phenols: Methods of preparation of phenols; acidity of phenols; chemical reactions of phenols. Ethers: Methods of preparation and reactions of ethers.

The Carbonyl Group: Nature of carbonyl group and its reactivity; nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones; methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones; chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones; distinction between aldehydes and ketones.

Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives:  Nomenclature of carboxylic acids; methods of preparation and chemical reactions of carboxylic acids, strength of carboxylic acids and the factors affecting it. Formation and hydrolysis of acid anhydrides, acid amides, acid halides and esters including glycerides. Introduction to amino acids.  

Nitrogen Compounds: Amines: Classification and nomenclature of amines; methods of preparation and chemical reactions of amines; distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Preparation and reactions of aniline. Basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines and factors affecting it. Diazzonium Salts and their synthetic applications.