Zool-5102      

                                    PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL LIFE

Course outline:

1. Place of Zoology in Science

A one-world view: genetic unity, the fundamental unit of life, evolutionary oneness and the diversity of life, environment and world resources, what is Zoology? The classification of animals; the scientific method.

2. The Chemical Basis of Animal Life

Atoms and elements: building blocks of all matter, compounds and molecules, aggregation of atoms, acids, bases and buffers, the molecules of animals; functional account of carbohydrates, lipids

3. Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ System of Animals

Structure and functions of cell membranes, various movements across membranes, cytoplasm, organelles and cellular components: functional account of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, centrioles and microtubules and vacuoles based on their structure aspects. The nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromosomes and nucleolus. Tissues: diversity in epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue to perform various functions. Structural integrations for functions in organs and organ system.

4. Energy and Enzymes: Life’s Driving and Controlling Forces

Energy and the laws of energy transformation; activation energy, enzymes: structure, function and factors affecting their activity; cofactors and coenzymes; ATP; how cells convert energy? An overview

5. How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients

Glycolysis: the first phase of nutrient metabolism, fermentation, fermentation. Life without oxygen, aerobic respiration: the major source of ATP, metabolism of fats and protein, control of metabolism, the metabolic pool

6. Ecology I: Individual and Populations

Animals and their abiotic environment; population; interspecific interactions

7. Ecology II: Communities and Ecosystems

Community structure and diversity; ecosystem, ecosystem of the earth; ecological problems; human population growth, pollution, resource depletion and biodiversity

Practicals

1. Tests for different carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Note: Emphasis on the concept that tests materials have been ultimately obtained from living organisms and constituted their body.

1. Study of the prepared slides of epithelial tissue (squamous, cuboidal, columnar), connective tissue (adipose, cartilage, bone, blood), nervous tissue and muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth and cardiac).

Note: Prepared microscopic and/or projection slides and/or CD ROM computer projections must be used.

1. Plasmolysis anddeplasmolysis in blood. Preparation of blood smears.

1. Protein digestion by pepsin.

1. Ecological notes on animals of a few model habitats.

1. Field observation and report writing on animals in their ecosystem (a terrestrial and an aquatic ecosystem study).

Books Recommended

1. Miller, S.A. and Harley, J.B. 2005. Zoology, 6th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

1. Molles, M.C. 2005. Ecology: Concepts and Applications. 6th Ed. McGraw Hill, New York, USA.
2. Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S. and Larson, A. 2004. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 12th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.
3. Campbell, N.A. 2002. Biology. 6th Ed. Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
4. Miller, S.A. 2002. General Zoology Laboratory Manual. 5th Ed. (International), Singapore: McGraw Hill.

1. Hickman, C.P. and Kats, H.L. 2000. Laboratory Studies in Integrated Principles of Zoology. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
2. Odum, E. P. 1994. Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd Ed. W.B. Saunders. Philadelphia.

   ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

   Mid Term exam:         30 MCQS

   Sessional:                    10

   Practical exam:           15

   Final exam:                 45

   Time Table

   Dr. Muhammad Ali (online classes dated 05-11-2020)

   Days	10-11	11-12	12-01		01-02	02-03	03-04	4-5 ----5-6
   Monday							Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 (P) BS Bot SS
   Tuesday				Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot R
   Wednesday		Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot SS		Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot R
   Thursday				Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot SS	Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot R
   Friday	Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 BS Bot SS				Principles of Animal Life Zol-102 (P) BS Bot R