This course will help the students to understand functioning of different systems and organs of domestic animals. They will be able to differentiate between the normal and abnormal physiology of all vital organs, which will ultimately help them to identify the problem with the animals. Veterinary physiology deals with the investigation of animal systems and the functioning of these biological systems. It includes the study of how animals work and the physical and chemical processes that occur within animals. Animal physiologists study how animals react to internal and external elements in their environment. The examples of various biological processes in animals include gas exchange, blood and circulation, osmoregulation, digestion, nervous and muscle systems and endocrinology. Animal Physiology studies include the anatomy, histology and endocrine functioning of the physiological processes of livestock, under specific conditions. This also includes the possible manipulation of the reproductive processes by means of accelerated breeding techniques for more efficient livestock and poultry production. The main objective of the course is to make students able to understand physiology of farm animals.
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CONTENTS |
Theory
Introduction: intracellular organization and physiology; body fluids, blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, blood circulation and cardiovascular system: physiological properties and cellular and chemical constituents of blood, blood coagulation, blood groups and their importance in livestock; the conduction system of the heart; regulation of cardiac output, regulation of the heart and blood vessels; regional circulation and pulmonary circulation; respiratory system: mechanism of respiration, types of breathing, air volumes and capacities exchange of gases, control of respiration, artificial respiration; digestive system: ingestion of food by various animals, mastication, salivation and deglutition, functions of saliva; simple stomach digestion: gastro-intestinal motility, secretions and functions, liver and pancreatic secretions and functions, digestions in ruminant stomach; rumination, fermentation, functions of omasum and abomasums, absorption from stomach and intestine; water balance and excretion: electrolytes, physiology of the kidney and physiology of the skin; endocrine glands and their secretions and functions; physiology of lactation; nervous system: spinal cord and brain functions, autonomic nervous system.
Practical
Introduction of various laboratory instruments; collection of blood in different species of animals and use of anticoagulants; measurement of normal pulse, respiration and rectal temperature; haematological experiments; determination of blood groups; determination of blood pressure; determination of various lung capacities and volume; urine examination for normal constituents; microscopic examination of urine; test for saliva; dissection for location for endocrine glands in rat and chicken; visit to university farm for observation on prehension; mastication and rumination of domestic animals; observation on the stomach of buffalo, cattle and camel.
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READINGS |
- Cunningham, J.G., and G.K. Bradley. 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. W.B. Saunders Co. 4th Edition. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
- Mohrman, D.E., and L.J. Heller. 2006. Cardiovascular Phsiology. McGraw Hill Co., New York.
- Swenson, J. and W. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA.
- Rahman, Z. U., B. Aslam and T. Khaliq, 2010. Physiology-I. Department of Phsiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
- Ankers R.M. and D.M. Denbow. 2008. Anatomy and Phsiology of Domestic Animals. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK.
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COURSE SCHEDULE |
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Weeks |
Topic |
Dates |
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Introduction: intracellular organization and physiology; body fluids, blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, blood circulation and cardiovascular system William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 3-53) (Practical) Introduction of various laboratory instruments |
13.10.2020 14.10.2020 16.10.2020
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2 |
Physiological properties and cellular and chemical constituents of blood, blood coagulation, blood groups and their importance in livestock William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 3-53) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 257-269) (Practical) collection of blood in different species of animals and use of anticoagulants; |
20.10.2020 21.10.2020 23.10.2020
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3 |
The conduction system of the heart; regulation of cardiac output, regulation of the heart and blood vessels; regional circulation and pulmonary circulation William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 181-356) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 301-315) (Practical) measurement of normal pulse, respiration and rectal temperature; |
27.10.2020 28.10.2020
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4 |
Respiratory system: mechanism of respiration, types of breathing, air volumes and capacities exchange of gases, control of respiration, artificial respiration William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 114-149) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 317-328) (Practical) haematological experiments; determination of blood groups; |
03.11.2020 04.11.2020 06.11.2020 |
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5 |
Digestive system: ingestion of food by various animals, mastication, salivation and deglutition, functions of saliva; simple stomach digestion William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 381-488) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 361-374) (Practical) determination of blood pressure |
10.11.2020 11.11.2020 13.11.2020 |
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6 |
Gastro-intestinal motility, secretions and functions, liver and pancreatic secretions and functions William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 381-488) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 361-374) (Practical) ; determination of various lung capacities and volume; |
17.11.2020 18.11.2020 20.11.2020 |
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7 |
Digestions in ruminant stomach; rumination, fermentation, functions of omasum and abomasums, absorption from stomach and intestine William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 381-488) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 361-374) (Practical) Techniques for estimation of feed toxins. |
24.11.2020 25.11.2020 27.11.2020
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8 |
Water balance and excretion: electrolytes, physiology of the kidney William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 73-107) (page 162-181) (Practical) urine examination for normal constituents; microscopic examination of urine; |
01.12.2020 02.12.2020 04.12.2020 |
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9 |
Water balance and excretion: electrolytes, physiology of the kidney William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 73-107) (page 162-181) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 383-392) (Practical) test for saliva; |
08.12.2020 09.12.2020 11.12.2020 |
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10 |
Physiology of the skin, endocrine glands and their secretions and functions William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 757-974) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 185-220) (Practical) dissection for location for endocrine glands in rat and chicken; |
15.12.2020 16.12.2020 18.12.2020 |
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11 |
Mid Test
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As per academic calendar |
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12 |
Physiology of the skin, endocrine glands and their secretions and functions William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 757-974) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 185-220) (Practical) Chemical and biological treatments of roughages. |
05.01.2021 06.01.2021 08.01.2021 |
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13 |
Physiology of lactation William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 720-741) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 449-456) (Practical) visit to university farm for observation on prehension; mastication and rumination of domestic animals |
12.01.2021 13.01.2021 15.01.2021 |
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14 |
Physiology of lactation William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 720-741) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 449-456) (Practical) observation on the stomach of buffalo and cattle |
19.01.2021 20.01.2021 22.01.2021 |
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15 |
Nervous system : spinal cord and brain functions William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 757-962) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 173-184) (Practical) observation on the stomach of camel. |
26.01.2021 27.01.2021 29.01.2021 |
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16 |
Nervous system : autonomic nervous system. William. O. Reece. 2004. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th edition. Comstock Publishing Associates. A division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA. (page 757-962) Rowen D. Frandson , W. Lee Wilke and Anna Dee Fails. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals 7th edition. Wiley-Blackwell (Page 173-184) (Practical) observation on the stomach of sheep and goat. |
02.02.2021 03.02.2021 |
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17 |
Final term |
As per final date sheet |
Note: You can reserve one week for sessional or mid-term exam, and if you wish, one week for student presentations of the assigned research project.
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RESEARCH PROJECT |
State here the prerequisites of the assigned research project, including term paper or lab assignment, etc.
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ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA |
Write here the distribution of the marks. You can choose any or all from below for the purpose.
Sessional: 08
Mid-term: 12
Final Exam: 20
Practical: 20
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RUELS AND REGULATIONS |
Following items are mandatory:
- 80% class attendance.
- Maintenance of Practical Copy.
- Participation in all practical performances or class activities.
FINAL NOTE: The instructions above mentioned in italics and red color are for guidance only. Remove them while completing this course outline template. Your final course outline document should be in black color.
Course Material
- Total Lessons 17
- Department Animal Sciences
- About Visit Profile
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Teacher
Dr. Imtiaz Hussain
