Physiology is the integrative study of cellular and whole-body function and is the pivotal discipline linking other basic biomedical sciences on the one hand with the experimental and clinical medicine on the other. The science of advanced human physiology attempts to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being. The fact that we remain alive is the result of complex control systems. Hunger makes us seek food, and fear makes us seek refuge. Sensations of cold make us look for warmth. Other forces cause us to seek fellowship and to reproduce. The fact that we are sensing, feeling, and knowledgeable beings is part of this automatic sequence of life; these special attributes allow us to exist under widely varying conditions, which otherwise would make life possible.

In this course we will dicuss, at advanced level,  The Central Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous system, GIT, CVS, Nerve & Muscle Physiology, Blood and Immune System, Respiratory Physiology, Endocrinology  and Body fluids & Kidney.

At the end of this course students will be able to understand;

(1). Nervous tissue (found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs) by initiating and transmitting electrical impulses, that act as signals that relay information from one part of the body to another for communication, coordination, and control in the body.

(2). Mechanisms by which the CNS controls muscles and glands, the effector organs that carry out the intended effects or actions (typically contraction or secretion, respectively).

(3). Mechanisms by which the kidneys, maintain stable volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity (solute concentration) of the ECF by adjusting the quantity of water and various plasma constituents that are either conserved for the body or eliminated in the urine.

(4). Principles of Neural and  Hormonal Communication

(5).The specialized functions of Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles.

(6). Mechanisms by which the heart provides the life-supporting blood flow by contracting, or beating and driving blood through the blood vessels for delivery to the tissues in sufficient amounts, whether the body is at rest or engaging in vigorous exercise

(7).Mechanisms by which Blood functions as the vehicle for long-distance, mass transport of materials between the cells and external environment or between the cells themselves.

(8).How the respiratory system contributes to homeostasis by exchanging O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and blood.

(9).Mechanisms by which the digestive system transferrs nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the external environment to the internal environment

(10).Principles of Endocrinology

(11).Principles of Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The following Books are recommended for this course;

TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, GUYTON,A.C, 11TH Edition

REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY ,GANONG,W.F, 22ND Edition

PHYSIOLOGY BOARD REVIEW SERIES, COSTANZO, LINDA S,6TH Edition

ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, SEMBULINGHAM,K, 7TH Edition

 Assessment Criteria:

Assessment schedule: 01 Midterm  & one Final written examination including objective & subjective (SEQs, LEQs) type questions
Internal Assessment (based on class tests, class performance and attendance): 20 Marks
Written: 80 Marks