INSTRUCTOR

                        DR.ABDUL KARIM

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Weekly Distribution of Syllabus

Inorganic Chemistry Minor BS- VIII, CHEM-467 (Cr.03+01)

COURSE OUTLINE SPRING 2020

Course Tittle: Inorganic Chemistry Minor

Course Code: CHEM- 467

Credit Hours: 3+1

Instructor: Dr. Abdul Karim

Email: [email protected]

DESCRIPTION & OBJECTIVES

For teaching all science subjects, transmission, transaction and transformation mode of learning have prime importance to prepare the marketed oriented students. The brief description of this course is,

• The course is related to synthesis of different organotransition metal complexes  
• Classification of Catalysis
• Synthesis of transition metals complexes which are extensively used in industrial and laboratory processes to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions.
• Here we will study different types of bonds in the molecules such as metallic bonds, bridge bonds and different types of forces exist among the molecules.  
• Chelates and effects of chelates
• Types of catalyst and their applications in different fields of chemistry.
•  

 Topic: Homogeneous Catalysis by Transition metal complexes 

Introduction:

The Organotransition metal chemistry has developed remarkably in last three decades Its history chemistry is reflected from its unexpected discoveries, i.e. Ziese’ s salt by W.C. Zieses, synthesis of first organoarsenine compound cacodyl (tetra methyl arsine by R. Bunsen), synthesis of organoaluminium compounds, Nickle tetra carbonyl by Mond, synthesis of Grignard Reagent, Synthesis of organo platinum compounds used for treatment of cancer, Synthesis of dialkylzinc, discovery of Fischer Tropsch process, Reppe process etc. indicate its process of development. The paper published in Internation Journals has grown rapdly. Now there are two Journals which are specifically dealing with the organotransition metal Chemistry. One important Journal, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, is issued weekly and other is organometallics, is launched by American Chemical society, both these journals are witness of its importance.

Organometallic Chemistry has attracted the tremendous attention because it is interesting and useful. The organotransition metal compounds are fun to study and useful in many respects. Many interesting discoveries are expected and useful applications are expected in future. Due unexpected behavior of organotransition metals complexes, their study is very interesting and their chemistry is full of varieties.

Explanation of Course Outlines

Week-1 Before starting the teaching of organotransition metal chemistry, we should know the following basic points about transition metal complexes.

• Background of organometallic chemistry. Fundamental principles of coordination chemistry. The coordination compounds are actually the molecules containing a central metal atom or atoms bound to organic and inorganic moieties called ligands.
• Different types of ligands (groups) attached to central metal atom that may be saturated or unsaturated.
• Crystal Field Theory to understand the structures of different transition metal complexes. The nomenclatures of these molecules and their different structural patterns.
• Catalysis and its different types, that may be homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis
• Brief introduction of homogeneous catalysis by transition metal complexes.

Week 2. Introduction to sources of CO and H2. Their uses in preparation of different Hydrocarbons and carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing compounds such different alcohols, acids and esters. Different processes involved in their preparation.  

Week 3. Hydroformylation of olefins, propylene, butenes, historical background, Insertion of CO in metal hydrogen bond, its different aspects, catalytic cycles, different catalyst used and effect of these catalysts on yield. Selection of better catalyst.

Week 4. Explanation of terminology such as Oxidative addition and reductive carbonylation using different types of reactions. Preparation of acetaldehyde, acetic acid. Monsanto process.

Week 5. Preparation of alcohols, aldehydes and acids using non petroleum sources, their cycle of preparation. 

Week 6. Reaction of synthesis gas, breaking and maintaining of C-O bond for synthesis of variety of different organic molecules using homogeneous and heterogamous catalysis. Spectroscopic study of catalytic system. 

Week 7. Water gas shift reaction using heterogamous catalyst, synthesis of oxalates. Preparation of oxalic acid, oxalates by Fenton. Wacker’s oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehydes. 

Week 8. Oxidative addition of olefin to produce aldehyde using palladium chloride as catalyst, explanation of chemical cycle involved in its preparation. 

Mid Term

Week 10. Acetoxylation, Synthesis of acrylates, acrylic acid, Union Oil process, Mechanism of reaction, selection of catalyst and synthesis of acrylic acid.

Week 11. Olefin Epoxidation by hydrogen peroxide, Halcon method, Molybdate based epoxidation of olefin. Mimon and Sharpless process.

Week 12. Olefin metathesis, Preparation of different types of alkenes by intra-molecular cycloaddition, Ziegler catalyst, mettalacycle complexes, Tebbe’s complexes

Week 13. Hydrogenation, symmetric and asymmetric hydrogenation. Different reactions.

Week 14. Hydrosilylation, Synthesis of organosillicon complexes, their use in dental surgery, as a gum rubber and engine oil.

Week 15. Hydrocyanation, Isomerization of Olefins, migration of double bond, explanation of catalytic cycle

Week 16. Over all revision of different types of reactions, their uses and techniques involved in the reactions.

Recommended Books:

1. Organotransition metal Chemistry by Akio Yamamoto. Fundamental Concepts and Applications

2. Jordan, R. B., Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems,

2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, (1998).

3. Kotz, J. C. and P. Treichel, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 4Edition, Saunders College Publishing, (1999).

4. Angelici, R. J., Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, Ist Edition, University Science Books, (1986).

5. Garry L. Miessler, Donald A. Tarr, “Inorganic Chemistry” 3 Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. (2004).

6. Keith F. Purcell and John C. Kotz, “An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry” Saunder, College, Philadelphia (1980).