Lower limb

Primary function of lower limb is to support the weight of the body and to provide a stable foundation in standing, walking and running, they have become specilized for locomotion.

Lower limb are divided into different regions and compartment. i.e. Gluteal region, Thigh, Knee, Leg, Ankle, Foot.

Objectives:

At the end of the course, students should be able to:
Describe and demonstrate the main anatomical landmarks of the Hip bone, Femur, Tibia, Fibula and Foot.
Identify the bones in an articulated foot.
Describe the regions, fascia and fascial compartment in lower limb.
Describe the origin, course and distribution of the major arteries of lower limb.
Describe the formation, courses and tributaries of the main veins of the lower limb.
Describe the formation of the sacral plexus and explain the clinical manifestation resulting from injuries to the different parts of the sacral plexus.
Describe the origin, course and distribution of the femoral, sciatic,tibial and common peroneal nerves in the Gluteal region, Thigh, Leg and Foot.
Name the main muscles and muscle groups that these nerves supply as well as their sensory distribution.
Explain how and describe where the femoral, sciatic , tibial common peroneal nerves are commonly injured and describe the consequences resulting from these injuries.
Describe the boundaries of femoral triangle and list its contents.
Describe the arrangement of popliteal lymph nodes including their area of drainage and applied aspect.
Describe the anatomy of Hip joint, factors maintaining its stability, movements at this joint and summarize the muscles responsible for these movements with their attachment and nerve supply.
Describe the anatomy of Knee joint, movements at this joint and summarize the muscles responsible for these movements with their main attachment and nerve supply.
Describe anatomy of ankle joint and movements at this joint and name the muscles responsible for these movements including their main attachments and nerve supply.
Describe the anatomy of foot joints and movements at these joint and name the muscles group responsible for these movements.
Describe the attachment and function of retinacula at foot.
Demonstrate the major surface landmark in lower limb.
Demonstrate the surface anatomy of major vessels and nerves of lower limb.
Identify the main radiological features of lower limb on standard diagnostic images.