Objectives:

It is aimed to equip the students of 4th year MBBS with essential knowledge, skill and attitude in order to enable them to identify common ophthalmic diseases including emergencies as well.The students should be able to provide primary eye care, refer to the appropriate centre and conduct proper follow-up of the patients. The students should be familiar with the common ophthalmic surgical procedures and their outcomes. The undergraduates should be able to communicate effectively with the patient, the family as well as the community, regarding eye diseases and the related issues. The students should also be able to understand the medical ethics and its application pertaining to ophthalmology and maintain the confidentiality of the patient.

The following textbooks have been used for the preparation of the course:

1.Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, A Systemic Approach by Brad Bowling

2. Clinical Ophthalmology by Shafi M. Jatoi

3. Basic Ophthalmology by Renu Jogi

PPT presentaion based lectures on various ocular diseases have been uploaded for students' assistance to develop understanding in different common ocular problems. The students are used to be informed regarding the upcoming lectures through electronic media.

The students are evaluated and prepared for the examination according to the guidelines of the University of Health Sciences, Lahore as mentioned below:

• Theory paper (MCQ's and Short Essay Questions)
• Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPE)