Plant Systematics, anatomy and developments

Plant Systematics – introduction and importance

Systematics is defined as the science of diversification and relationships. The study of kinds and diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them is called systematics or taxonomy. The study systematics gives the order and relationships among thp organism. This order and relationship arise from evolutionary processes. These studies also give description of the new species. It organizes the animals into groups (taxa). This grouping is based on degree of evolutionary relatedness. Some biologists differentiate between systematics and taxonomy. They believe that collection, identification, description, naming and classification of organisms is called taxonomy whereas systematics consist of environmental adaptations and evolutionary histories.

Specific Objectives of course:

To understand: 1. various systems of classification, identification and nomenclature

of Angiosperms, Basis of Classification, Different units of classification. 2- Structures and functions of tissues and organs at embryonic level.

Recommended/ Latest Books

Systematics, Anatomy and Development

Steeves, T. A., & Sawhney, V. K. (2017). Essentials of developmental plant anatomy. Oxford University Press.
Spichiger, R. E. (2019). Systematic botany of flowering plants: a new phytogenetic approach of the angiosperms of the temperate and tropical regions. CRC Press.
Cleal, C. J., & Thomas, B. A. (2019). Introduction to plant fossils. Cambridge University Press.
Hather, J. G. (2016). Archaeological parenchyma. Routledge.
Trigiano, R. N., & Gray, D. J. (2016). Plant tissue culture, development, and biotechnology. CRC Press.

Bot-302 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development/Embryology 4 (3+1)

Course Breakup

Sr. No.	Weeks	Topics	Practicals/Analysis
1	1st weak	Introduction to Plant Systematics: aims, objectives and importance. Classification: brief history of various systems of classification Classification: with emphasis on Takhtajan system of classification	Assignments
2	2nd	Brief introduction to nomenclature, importance of Latin names and binomial system. Introduction to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Vienna code.	Review from their areas and report discussion
3	3rd	Morphology: a detailed account of various morphological characters root, Stem and leaf	Review from their areas and report discussion
4	4th	Morphology: a detailed account of various morphological characters as inflorescence, flower,	Review from their areas and report discussion
5	5th	Placentation and fruit types. Taxonomic Keys	Review from their areas and report discussion
6	6th	Diagnostic characters, economic importance and distribution pattern of the following families: i. Ranunculaceae ii. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) iii. Fabaceae (Leguminosae) iv. Rosaceae v. Euphorbiaceae vi Cucurbitaceae	Review from their areas and report discussion
7	7th	Diagnostic characters, economic importance and distribution pattern of the following families: vii. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) viii. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) ix. Asteraceae (Compositae) x. Liliaceae (Sen. Lato)	Discussion on previous collection trips
8	8th	Anatomy: Introduction and applications Cell Wall: structure and chemical composition	Discussion on previous collection trips
9	9th	Concept, structure and function of various tissues like: i. Parenchyma ii. Collenchyma iii. Sclerenchyma
10	10th	Complex tissues: Phloem Epidermis (including stomata and trichomes) v. Xylem	Assignments
11	11th	Meristem: types, stem and root apices Vascular cambium Structure and development of root, stem and leaf. Primary and secondary growth of dicot stem, periderm 6. Characteristics of wood: diffuse porous and ring porous, sap and heart wood, soft and hard wood, annual rings.	Assignments
12	12th	Development/Embryology Early development of plant body: Capsella bursa-pastoris Structure and development of Anther Microsporogenesis, Microgametophyte	Assignments
13	13th	Structure of Ovule Megasporogenesis Megagametophyte Endosperm formation	Assignments
14	14th	Structure of Ovule Megasporogenesis Megagametophyte 5. Endosperm formation	Assignments
15	15th	Parthenocarpy	Assignments
16	16th		Assignments