Metrology means science of measurement.
Engineering metrology is the measurement of dimensions: length, thickness, diameter, taper angle, flatness, profiles, etc.
In engineering, there are various stages during which inspection and measurement is required.
Metrology becomes useful while raw material inspection, during production and after the parts are manufactured i.e. final inspections of parts.
Measurand is the physical quantity or property like length, angle, diameter, thickness etc. to be measured.
The various precision linear measuring instruments are vernier caliper, outside micrometer, vernier height gauge, vernier depth gauge, inside micrometer, micrometer depth gauge etc. Such linear measuring instruments measure linear measurements such as length, height, depth, diameter and thickness.