PBG-402: Breeding Fodder and Forage Crops

Course Title: Breeding Fodder and Forage Crops

Course Code: PBG-402

Credit Hours: 3(2-1)

Instructor: Dr. Wasim Hasan

Email: [email protected]

DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES

To enable the student understand

Crop specific breeding objectives

Significance of fodder and forages in livestock sector
Genetic and cytoplasmic basis of reproductive systems
Breeding methods in fodder and forages

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

The purpose of this course is to teach the students of B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture in order to make them understand the current status and situation of fodder crops in Pakistan, Breeding methodology of fodder crops, Understanding the importance of promising fodder crops and their potential role in increasing the profitability of the farmers from diverse source.

COURSE CONTENTS

Theory:

Introduction to major fodder and forage crops.
Genetic resources and classification of fodder and forage crops.
Reproductive systems in fodder and forage crops.
Apomixis and its role in fodder and forage crops.
Male sterility and self-incompatibility: genetic and cytoplasmic basis.
Breeding objectives and methods for improvement.
Quality components in fodder and forage crops, anti-quality agents and remedies.
Application of biotechnology in fodder and forage crops.

Practical:

Floral morphology, pollination, fertilization and seed setting in fodder and forage crops.
Handling of apomictic, self and cross-pollinated fodder and forage species.
Hay and silage production techniques.
Mixed fodder cropping.
Determination of nutritive quality and nutritive value.
Visit to research organizations, livestock farms and feed industry.

READINGS

Poehlman, J. M. (1994). Breeding field crops. Iowa State University Press. Hopkins, A. (Ed.). (2004). Molecular breeding of forage and turf (Vol. 11). Springer.
Boller, B., Posselt, U. K., & Veronesi, F. (Eds.). (2010). Fodder crops and amenity grasses. Springer.
Hopkins, A. (Ed.). (2004). Molecular breeding of forage and turf (Vol. 11). Springer Science & Business Media.
Rauf, S., Sienkiewicz-Paderewska D., Malinowski, D.P., Hussain, M., Niazi, I.A.K., Kausar, M. (2014). Forages: Ecology, breeding objectives and procedures. In: J.M. Al-Khayri, S.M. Jain and D.V. Johnson (eds.), Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies Traits, Springer, USA.
Givens, D. I., Owen, E., Omed, H. M., & Axford, R. F. E. (2000). Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition. CABI.
Singh, R. J. (2002). Plant cytogenetics. CRC press

Horrocks, R. D., & Valentine, J. F. (1999).Harvested forages. Academic Press.

COURSE SCHEDULE

Week	Lecture	Topic and Readings	Book with Page No.
1	1	Introduction to forage crops and their impact on ecosystem and economy	Reference material: 1 Power point presentation
	2	Forages, importance in Pakistan, Challenges for fodder breeding	Reference material:1, 6 & 4 Power point presentation
	3 (P)	Floral Morphology and Pollination of Fodders
2	4	Current status of fodder crops in Pakistan	Reference material:6 Power point presentation
	5	Fodder important breeding Objectives	Reference material: 1 & 4 Book 2: 115-135
	6(P)	Floral Morphology and Pollination of Fodders
3	7	Germplasm resources of forage crops: Types of genetic resources	Book 2: Page 13˗16
	8	Criteria and strategies for collection of germplasm and utilization breeding program	Book 2: Page 21˗31
	9(P)	Fertilization and seed setting of fodder crops
4	10	Breeding procedures of forage crops	Reference material: 1 Book 2: 39-46
	11	Breeding procedures of forage crops	Book 2: 46-70
	12(P)	Fertilization and seed setting of fodder crops
5	13	Hybrid breeding	Book 2: 71-77
	14	Breeding Tetraploid	Reference material 1 Book:2 Pages 78-81
	15(P)	Handling Self Pollinated Fodders
6	16	Breeding for grass seed yield	Reference material 1 Book:2 Pages 82-94
	17	Breeding for grass seed yield	Reference material 1 Book:2 Pages 95-122
	18(P)	Handling Cross Pollinated Fodders
7	19	Introduction to important forage crops -Alfalfa Salient Features Classification Breeding objectives	Book:2 Pages :395-425
	20	Sorghum Sorghum types Breeding objectives	Book1: Page 345-365.
	21(P)	Handling Apomictic Fodders
8	22	Maize and Teosinte Classification of maize Breeding objectives	Reference material 2 & 3 Book 1: Page 321-343
	23	Teosinte	Reference material 2 & 3
	24(P)	Hay Production
9	25	Mid-Term examination
	26	Pearl millet Salient features w.r.t. forage Breeding objectives and methods	Reference 7&8
	27(P)	Silage Production
10	28	Clover: Red, white & Berseem clover	Reference 1 Book 2
	29	Modes of reproduction in forage crops -Sexual -asexual -Gametogenesis Microsporogenesis Mega sporogenesis	Book 6
	30(P)	Mixed Fodder cropping
11	31	Apomixes Sources of apomixes Distribution of apomixes	Book 1 and 6
	32	Top cross -Single cross -Heterosis, Types Requirements of heterosis	Book 2
	33(P)	Fodder quality traits
12	34	CMS-Hybrid Self incompatibility and utilization of hybrids Semi-Hybrids Hybrids for auto-tetraploid	Reference 1 Book 2
	35	Anti-Nutritional factors in forage -legume bloat -Grass tetany -Silica Urinary Calculi -Nitrate Toxicity -Selenium toxicity -Estrogenic compounds -Plant Toxins	Book 5 & 7
	36(P)	Determination of nutritive value in fodder and forage crops
13	37	Markers Use in Plant breeding Characteristics of markers	Book 3
	38	Quantitative trait loci Markers -Restriction in fragment in length polymorphism -Amplified in fragment length polymorphism	Book 3
	39(P)	Visit to research organization
14	40	Markers -Random amplified in polymorphic DNA -Simple sequence repeats	Book3
	41	Simple nucleotide polymorphism	Book 3
	42(P)	Visit to research organization
15	43	Application of molecular marker for crop improvement	Book 3
	44	Application of molecular marker for QTL mapping	Reference material 1 Book 3
	45(P)	Leguminous fodders
16	46	Future development in forage uses: Expected changes in forage crop on arable land, New use of forage crop plant	Book 2: 210-218
	47	Class Discussion and Conclusion
	48(P)	Seed technology of fodder crops